Objective To evaluate the central sensitization (CS) and the related parameters in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods Quantitative sensory testing (QST) which consists of pressure pain threshold (PPT), temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were applied to the participants. Disease activity, functional status, sleep quality, pain, depression, and fatigue were assessed. Patients were divided as the ones with and without CS according to the central sensitization inventory (CSI) and the results were compared. Results One hundred patients and fifty controls were recruited. Sixty axSpA patients had CS. When QST results were compared between the patient and control groups, all PPT scores were found lower (p<0.05) in patients. Regarding the comparison of the patients with and without CS, sacroiliac, and trapezius PPT scores were found lower in the patients with CS (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the mean TS scores (p>0.05) between patients and controls, and in patients with and without CS. All investigated comorbidities were found to be significantly more frequent (p<0.001) in the patients with CS. In regression analysis female gender, morning stiffness duration, CPM, depression, and fatigue were detected as related parameters with CSI scores. Conclusion CS and related comorbidities were found to be increased in axSpA patients. This increase should be taken into consideration in the management of these patients.
Epidural steroid injections (ESI) are commonly performed for the treatment of chronic cervical disc herniation (CDH). Although they are considered to be effective for both nociceptive and neuropathic types of pain, there is a lack of data regarding the impact of neuropathic pain (NP) and nociceptive pain components on treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of interlaminar epidural steroid injection (ILESI) between patients with predominantly NP and nociceptive pain due to CDH. Sixty five participants were initially included in the study and assessed by numeric rating scale (NRS), neck pain and disability scale (NPDS), short form-12 (SF-12), and self-reported Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (S-LANSS) pain scale at baseline and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after ILESI. All patients were evaluated at 1st month and 3rd month follow-up periods while 54 of patients achieved to complete 6th month follow-up. There were significant improvements in all outcome measures for all time periods when compared with the pre-intervention scores. At baseline 24 (36.9%) of patients had predominantly NP in accordance with S-LANSS pain scale. The ratio of NP predominant patients reduced to 7.6% at 1st month, 12.3% at 3rd month, and 12.9% at 6th month with a significant difference for each follow-up period when compared with the baseline. Although all NRS and NPDS scores at baseline were significantly higher in patients with NP, improvement was significant at all follow-up periods in both groups. Minimal clinically important change in NRS was observed in >75% of patients at 1st, 3rd, and 6th month in both groups. The results of this study showed that NP is present in one-third of the patients suffering from neck and radiating arm pain due to CDH and cervical ILESI is an effective treatment approach for both neuropathic and nociceptive components of pain. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT04235478
ÖzAmaç: Diyabetli (DM) hastaların diyabetik ayak (DA) ve ayak bakımı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını ve ilişkili faktörleri değerlendirmek. Materyal ve Metot: Kesitsel tipteki çalışmaya Mayıs-Ağustos 2014 tarihleri arasında, DM tanısıyla takip ve tedavi için Keçiören Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Poliklinikleri'ne başvuran hastalar dahil edildi. Çalışma verileri, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan ve hastaların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, DA'la ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranış düzeyini sorgulayan 56 sorudan oluşan anket formu ile toplandı. Sorulara verilen doğru cevaplar '1', yanlış cevaplar '0' puan olarak değerlendirildi. Ham puanlar hesaplandıktan sonra elde edilen puanlar yüzlük standart puana çevrildi. Tüm hastalara boy, vücut ağırlığı, kan basıncı ölçümleri ve ayak muayenesi yapıldı, üre, kreatinin, açlık tokluk kan glukozu düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde frekans ve yüzdesel dağılımların yanında, değişkenler arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analizi ve Ki-Kare analizi, gruplar arasında değerlerin karşılaştırılmasında Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskall-Wallis H testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 176 hastanın %78,98'i (n=139) kadın %21,02'i (n=37) erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 57,96±10,60 yıldı. Hastaların %54,55'inde (n:96) hipertansiyon mevcuttu. Yüzde %9,70'inde (n:17) ayak yarası, %3,40'ında (n:6) ayak yarası nedeniyle hastanede yatış, %2,80'inde (n:5) operasyon öyküsü vardı. Yüzde 45,50'si (n:80) düzenli ayak bakımı yaptığını, %79,00'u (n:139) ayak tabanlarını düzenli kontrol ettiğini, %25,60'ı (n:45) giyinmeden önce ayakkabısının içini kontrol ettiğini belirtirken %54,00'ü (n:95) evde ya da dışarıda yalınayak yürüdüğünü belirtti. Muayene bulgularına göre %50,00 (n:88) hastanın DA için yüksek risk grubunda yer aldığı saptandı. Katılımcıların % 64,80'i (n:114) DM ilişkin, %90,90'ı (n:160) da DA ve ayak bakımıyla ilgili herhangi bir eğitim almamıştı. Düzenli ayak bakımı yapanların %93,80'i, yapmayanların %82,30'u DM'li hastaların düzenli ayak bakımı yapması gerektiğini belirtti. Hastaların ortalama bilgi düzeyi puanı 100 üzerinden 70,58±21,12; tutum ve davranış puanı 48,13±13,28 idi. Bilgi düzeyi ile tutum ve davranış puanı arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı (p=0,02). Cinsiyet, eğitim, DM ilişkin eğitim alma durumu ve tedavi şeklinin bilgi, tutum ve davranış üzerine etkisi saptanmadı. DM tanı süresi, kontrol sıklığı ve DA için risk durumunun bilgi düzeyine etkisi yokken tutum ve davranış puanlarının 10-20 yıldır takip edilenlerde, düzenli kontrole gidenlerde ve DA için yüksek risk taşıyanlarda daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,007, p=0,04 ve p=0,02). Ailesinde başka DM'li hasta olanların bilgi, tutum ve davranış puanları olmayanlara göre daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,003 ve p=0,004). Sonuç: Diyabetik hastaların DA ve ayak bakımı ile ilgili eğitim almadıkları, bilgileri yeterli olsa dahi bildiklerini uygulamadıkları görülmektedir. Standardize edilmiş DM ve diyabetik ayak eğitimi tüm hastalara düzenli aralıklarla verilmeli ve eğitimde vur...
Background: Foraminal stenosis, defined as a narrowing of the cervical neural foramen, is one of the most common causes of upper extremity radicular pain. Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine the effects of the severity of neural foraminal stenosis and spinal herniation level on treatment success in patients treated with interlaminar epidural steroid injections (ILESI) due to cervical disc herniation-related radiculopathy and their possible predictive roles. Study Design: A retrospective assessment. Setting: A university hospital interventional pain management center. Methods: We performed our study between August 2017 and February 2019, retrospectively. All patients’ demographic characteristics, clinical and demographic data, including pain scores before and after cervical ILESI in the first hour, third week, and third month follow-ups, presence of motor deficits, symptom side, symptom duration before cervical ILESI, and whether there was progression to surgery in the 3-month period after injection, were collected. Results: We evaluated 61 patients in the final analysis. When the spinal herniation levels and foraminal stenosis grades were compared, there was a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.003, P = 0.005). We reported significant correlations between foraminal stenosis grade (odds ratio [OR], –0.425, P = 0.038) and spinal herniation level (OR, –0.925, P = 0.001) and treatment success. Limitations: Our study’s design was retrospective. Conclusions: Cervical ILESI is a reliable treatment option that provides a significant reduction in pain of patients with cervical radiculopathy. However, the success of ILESI treatment may be negatively affected in these patients in the presence of high spinal level cervical disc herniation and severe foraminal stenosis. Therefore considering these 2 parameters in predicting the patient population who will benefit from cervical ILESI is of importance in terms of decreasing potential complications. Key words: Interlaminar epidural steroid injections, foraminal stenosis, spinal level, cervical disc herniation, radicular pain
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.