Soy isoflavone, in isolated form, was effective in this study to significantly decrease bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Further investigation needs to be done to evaluate the long-term effects of soy isoflavone on bone mass and fracture risk.

Describes an expert system which goes some way towards providing detailed advice for implementing Just‐in‐Time (JIT) concepts in a manufacturing environment. Advises managers as to which techniques should be realized in order to begin implementation of JIT, or to achieve further improvement if a commitment has already been made to JIT implementation. Specifically, focuses on small‐to‐medium manufacturing companies producing high volume discrete components. The advice is based on an expanded two‐stage process for JIT implementation.

This study was designed to examine the sensitivity of different sleep stages to the pharmacological provocation of nocturnal panic attacks by cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4). In a balanced cross-over design, healthy participants were challenged with identical doses of CCK-4 both during REM sleep and during delta sleep. In nine subjects, stimulation with 50 microg CCK-4 during REM sleep failed to elicit a full-blown panic awakening, while the same dose, administered during delta sleep, produced full-blown panic attacks in two participants. Similarly, stimulation of six subjects with 100 microg CCK-4 during REM sleep resulted in only one panic response, whereas four of nine subjects awoke experiencing a panic attack following stimulation with the identical dose during delta sleep. Severity of panic symptomatology, as measured by the self-rated Acute Panic Inventory, was also significantly increased when CCK-4 was administered during delta sleep. CCK-4 can be used as a challenge agent with an abrupt onset of action making it possible to provoke panic attacks precisely during a particular sleep stage. Sensitivity to the panicogenic effects of CCK-4 seems to be higher during delta sleep than REM sleep.