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Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Basrah has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this study, the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of three SWM scenarios were investigated aiming to compare the scenarios and select the most appropriate one for implementation. Scenario 1 was to consider waste disposal into a sanitary landfill. Scenario 2 added waste transportation to transfer station before disposal to a sanitary landfill. Scenario 3 considered waste sorting, recycling and composting followed by landfill disposal in an integrated treatment disposal facility. The current open dumping practice was considered as the baseline scenario. According to economic analysis, the benefits from the revenues of selling the produced recyclables and compost did not improve the ranking of scenario 3. However, scenario 3 has gained positive recognition due to the environmental benefits of waste recycling. Therefore, final recommendations were in favour of scenario 3, which has been approved by the UNICEF, as well. Currently the recommended scenario is under implementation in Basrah, Iraq

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Three wastewater treatment plants, in Kuwait, producing effluents for irrigation were assessed. The assessment was directed to determine the characteristics of the raw wastewater, the quality of the treated effluents, and the efficiency of the various steps of treatment. The assessment of the quality of treated effluents was based on the standards established by the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) according to the reuse plans of the effluents for irrigation. Analyses were carried out for conventional parameters, trace metals, toxic trace organics as well as bacteria. Results of analyses showed that only one plant was producing effluent meeting the requirements of MPW. The results of this preliminary investigation indicated that despite the toxic constituents in the raw wastewater, they did not constitute a significant problem in the treatment process; two of the three treatment plants violated the reuse standards with respect to the conventional parameters.