No abstract

In a celebrated paper of 1893, Hadamard established the maximal determinant theorem, which establishes an upper bound on the determinant of a matrix with complex entries of norm at most 1. His paper concludes with the suggestion that mathematicians study the maximum value of the determinant of an n × n matrix with entries in {±1}. This is the Hadamard maximal determinant problem.This survey provides complete proofs of the major results obtained thus far. We focus equally on upper bounds for the determinant (achieved largely via the study of the Gram matrices), and constructive lower bounds (achieved largely via quadratic residues in finite fields and concepts from design theory). To provide an impression of the historical development of the subject, we have attempted to modernise many of the original proofs, while maintaining the underlying ideas. Thus some of the proofs have the flavour of determinant theory, and some appear in print in English for the first time.We survey constructions of matrices in order n ≡ 3 mod 4, giving asymptotic analysis which has not previously appeared in the literature. We prove that there exists an infinite family of matrices achieving at least 0.48 of the maximal determinant bound. Previously the best known constant for a result of this type was 0.34. MSC: 05B20, 15B34

Compressed sensing is a signal processing technique whereby the limits imposed by the Shannon-Nyquist theorem can be exceeded provided certain conditions are imposed on the signal. Such conditions occur in many real-world scenarios, and compressed sensing has emerging applications in medical imaging, big data, and statistics. Finding practical matrix constructions and computationally efficient recovery algorithms for compressed sensing is an area of intense research interest. Many probabilistic matrix constructions have been proposed, and it is now well known that matrices with entries drawn from a suitable probability distribution are essentially optimal for compressed sensing.Potential applications have motivated the search for constructions of sparse compressed sensing matrices (i.e., matrices containing few non-zero entries). Various constructions have been proposed, and simulations suggest that their performance is comparable to that of dense matrices. In this paper, extensive simulations are presented which suggest that sparsification leads to a marked improvement in compressed sensing performance for a large class of matrix constructions and for many different recovery algorithms.

Compressed sensing is a signal processing technique whereby the limits imposed by the Shannon-Nyquist theorem can be exceeded provided certain conditions are imposed on the signal. Such conditions occur in many real-world scenarios, and compressed sensing has emerging applications in medical imaging, big data, and statistics. Finding practical matrix constructions and computationally efficient recovery algorithms for compressed sensing is an area of intense research interest. Many probabilistic matrix constructions have been proposed, and it is now well known that matrices with entries drawn from a suitable probability distribution are essentially optimal for compressed sensing.Potential applications have motivated the search for constructions of sparse compressed sensing matrices (i.e., matrices containing few non-zero entries). Various constructions have been proposed, and simulations suggest that their performance is comparable to that of dense matrices. In this paper, extensive simulations are presented which suggest that sparsification leads to a marked improvement in compressed sensing performance for a large class of matrix constructions and for many different recovery algorithms.

In a celebrated paper of 1893, Hadamard established the maximal determinant theorem, which establishes an upper bound on the determinant of a matrix with complex entries of norm at most 1. His paper concludes with the suggestion that mathematicians study the maximum value of the determinant of an $n \times n$ matrix with entries in $\{ \pm 1\}$. This is the Hadamard maximal determinant problem. This survey provides complete proofs of the major results obtained thus far. We focus equally on upper bounds for the determinant (achieved largely via the study of the Gram matrices), and constructive lower bounds (achieved largely via quadratic residues in finite fields and concepts from design theory). To provide an impression of the historical development of the subject, we have attempted to modernise many of the original proofs, while maintaining the underlying ideas. Thus some of the proofs have the flavour of determinant theory, and some appear in print in English for the first time. We survey constructions of matrices in order $n \equiv 3 \mod 4$, giving asymptotic analysis which has not previously appeared in the literature. We prove that there exists an infinite family of matrices achieving at least 0.48 of the maximal determinant bound. Previously the best known constant for a result of this type was 0.34.