A vaccine has still not been found for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the number of global cases of HCV is still high. The development of HCV vaccines is challenging due to the complex genetic diversity of the virus. Epitope-based vaccine design using in silico computational methods is an effective strategy that could lead to the development of vaccines with the ability to induce the required immunogenicity without the emergence of cytokine storms or immune tolerance. This study aimed to find an epitope candidate from the HCV E2 protein which has potential as a peptide vaccine. The research was observational descriptive and was carried out in silico on an HCV vaccine candidate. The software used was MEGA X, IEDB, VaxiJen 2.0, BLASTp. 3 conserved regions were obtained from 10 countries, namely VCGPVYCFTPSPVVVGTTD, CPTDCFRK, and YRLWHYPCT. The sequences between these countries still have phylogenetic relationships, even though they are in different branches, showing the evolution of the HCV subtypes. The VYCFTPSPVVVGTTD epitope became the candidate for the development of a peptide vaccine because of its antigenicity score and its ability to be used for effective epitope-based vaccines. This HCV vaccine candidate epitope does not cause an autoimmune response because it has been confirmed to be using BLASTp with the result that it shares no similarity with human cell surface proteins. Keywords: vaccines, peptides, epitope, hepatitis C virus, in silico

<p><em>Zika virus infection attracted the attention of the medical community since it is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito and humans act as hosts. The disease affects fetal development and causes severe neurodevelopmental disorders, such as GBS (Guillain-Barre Syndrome), and CZS (Congenital Zika Syndrome) in pregnant women, including congenital microcephaly, and fetal death. Therefore, a vaccine is needed for prevention. Epitope-based peptide vaccines have advantages in terms of both selectivity and safety. The use of computational methods is a cost-efficient way of developing vaccines. This research aims to look at conserved areas and see the phylogenetic tree of the zika virus E protein sequences obtained from various countries, to see the most immunogenic epitope notifications of the ZIKV E protein sequence using the in-silico method, to see the potential for the most immunogenic epitopes of protein sequences. Zika virus as a vaccine candidate through the use of in silico. This study was using a descriptive observational study using in-silico tools for Zika virus peptide vaccine candidates. Some software and websites that were used are MEGA-X, IEDB, VaxiJen 2.0, BLASTp NCBI. From the 41 sequences that have been collected, 3 epitope candidates had antigenic properties and also passed the similarity test so the potential to develop a peptide vaccine; SLGLDCE, ETDENRAKVEVTPNSPRAEATLG, and AHAKRQ.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Vaccine, Peptide, Epitope, Zika Virus, In Silico</em></p>

Stroke is a clinical condition that develops rapidly and is caused by focal (diffused) brain injuries or damage accompanied by symptoms that can occur for 24 hours, and it can lead to death. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug used to prevent stroke by reducing the ability of blood to clot. This study aimed to examine the usage pattern of clopidogrel in ischemic stroke patients at Sidoarjo Public Hospital during the period of January – December 2020. This study was observational and retrospective. The data were analyzed descriptively. Monotherapy of clopidogrel was registered in all patients (100%) with a dosage of 1 x 75 mg delivered orally. The use of clopidogrel with other antiplatelet drugs was 1 x 80 mg ASA delivered orally and 1 x 75 mg clopidogrel given orally for 1 patient. Keywords: clopidogrel, antiplatelet, ischemic stroke