Background: Pain management is especially important for neonates who are not able to verbally express their pain. Non-pharmacological pain management method as an alternative to pharmacological pain medication has increased nowadays. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of leg massage and non-nutritive sucking (NNS) on reducing the pain that neonates experience when undergoing the heel stick procedure for blood testing. Methods: This investigation was a random controlled clinical trial study on ninety neonates who were selected randomly among admitted neonates to NICU in Alavi hospital at Ardabil. The subjects were randomly classified in two case and one control groups. The neonates received leg massage (n=30), NNS (n=30), and no intervention (n=30) respectively. Measurements of HR and SaO2 were taken twice: once before and then again after intervention. Pain response was measured by the PIPP scale. Results:The study showed that the HR of the three groups significantly increased after heel stick compared to before heel stick. The change of SaO2 levels in NNS groups was lower than the control and massage groups. The change of PIPP scores in massage and NNS groups was lower than that of the control group; however, there was not statistically significant differences between NNS & massage groups(p=0.91) Conclusion: pain management and pain relief in the infant is an important issue in neonatal health care. It is suggested that the single or combined use of massage and a pacifier is effective in reducing pain responses in neonates undergoing heel stick.

Introduction: Music and massage therapy are among the approaches of complementary medicine. Patients with cancer have been hugely encouraged in recent years to use complementary medicine to relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of music and periorbital massage therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Methods: The present single-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy who were randomly assigned to control and music plus massage therapy groups. Two interventions were concurrently carried out on patients in music plus massage therapy group while receiving chemotherapy medication, but the control group received no intervention. Rhodes questionnaire was used to assess nausea and vomiting before and 24 hours after chemotherapy. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (Chi-square and t tests). Results: Music plus periorbital massage therapy significantly reduced nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, using music plus periorbital massage improves nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy, and can be considered as a complementary medicine method in conjunction with other medicinal therapies to relieve symptoms of patients with cancer.

Background: Due to its role in identifying educational, research, health problems and providing a solution to prevail upon the problems related to public health, the research in the Medical Sciences University has a special importance. The present research aims to determine the restraining factors of doing research from the viewpoint of professors and students of the Medical Sciences University of Ardabil; it was conducted in 2014. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 250 individuals from between the professors (50 individuals) and students (200 individuals) of the various academic disciplines of medical sciences were selected by way of completely random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 3 parts: demographic information, individual barriers (10 questions) and organizational and environmental barriers (25 questions) based on the binary scale (Yes or No). By using the descriptive statistics and student t-test, data were analyzed with the significance level of 0.05, in the software SPSS19. Results: In the area of organizational factors, the most important restraining factor of the research activities of students was the lack of access to information sources (73.2%) and in the area of individual factors the main obstacle was lack of domination in English (68.6%). Also, the administrative restrictive regulations (73.3%) as the most important organizational restraining factor and lack of time due to job preoccupation (68.9%) as the main individual barrier were recognized for doing research in view of professors. There is not any statistical significant difference between the view of students under study in all the influential individual barriers other than the being unimportant of research from my view and having the negative attitude towards the research works in the view of professors. Also, there is a significant difference between students' view in all effective organizational barriers other than lack of research in the chapter heading of courses of most of fields and the professors' view. In total the score of organizational barriers was more than that of the individual barriers. Conclusion: Organizational barriers and personal barriers have an important role in doing the research in the Medical Sciences University of Ardabil; these barriers can be passed through. The availability of consulting forces and sufficient and necessary counseling, teaching know-how and attitude correction, compensating the lack of facilities and equipment, creating the motivation by the authorities and educating and empowering as executive working procedures are recommended for overcoming the research barriers in the universities.

Background: Overweight and obesity and its problems are the most important health and nutrition issues of adolescents in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity among studied population.Design and Methods: This Persian Cohort Study is a population-based study of 10,000 men and women, aged 35-70 years in northwest of Iran. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured by interviewers. Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were used to assess the overweight and obesity.Results: The mean age of all participants was 49.1±8.7 and 56.1% of them were female.  The mean height of participants was 162.5±9.4 kg in range 126-196 and the mean weight of them was 78.5±13.1 cm in range 40-164. According to BMI, 42.7% of all participants had overweight and 45% had obesity. According to the WHR, 71.8% of male and 97.9% of female had high WHR (abdominal obesity).Conclusions: Results showed that the rate of overweight and obesity in studied people was more than country rate. So programing for raising their Quality of Life (QoL) and life style and also change their poor nutritional habits is essential in area healthy people.

Background: Self-medication is one of the main health problems. Given the high prevalence of self-medicationin society and between students, the aim of this study was to assess the rate of self-medication among Ardabil medical students.Methods: This cross–sectional study has been done on 150 students which selected randomly from Ardabil Medical University Science students. Data collected by a questionnaire and then analyzed by statistical method in SPSS.19.Results: The rate of self-medication among students was 65%. Most of usage drug was sedatives with 77.1%. 7.2% of students were prepared drugs from places other than pharmacies and most of self-medication was the existence of drug free market with 71%.Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of self-medication among students it is necessary to promote a culture of drug use among students, education in the field of self-medication and its side effects are given to students.