Marantha arundinacea L. or arrowroot is a tropical plant that can be taken tuber as processed food product. This plant bulbs can be made flour to produce food, such as fresh bread done in this study. The research was conducted in 2017 at the Nutrition Lab of the Faculty of Public Health of the University of North Sumatra for making of fresh bread and Balai Penelitian Standardisasi Industri (Baristan) Medan for the examination of nutritional quality, from the production of bread from flour bulbs Marantha arundinacea L. and wheat flour. Nutritional analysis performed include moisture content, ash content, fat content, carbohydrate levels, protein content. The results found that the quality of nutrition examined varied. The addition of more arrowroot flour in the production of fresh bread will increase the levels of crude fiber, and carbohydrates. It is expected that arrowroot flour can be used as a mixture in the manufacture of food such as fresh bread added to the ingredients of about 10-30%, and arrowroot flour can exchange of wheat flour commonly used in the production of bread.

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder as indicated by hiperglycemia caused by insulin defciency produced by pancreatic islet ß cell which triggers metabolic disorder of carbohydrate, protein and fat, and tends to cause complications. One of the complications is liver damage caused by DM which is probably due to lipid peroxydation, subsequent to free radical production. The common biochemistry signs of liver damage are increasing activities of some enzym such as transaminase pyruvat glutamate serum in the blood. Ruellia tuberosa L is a traditional plant and used by people as diabetic traditional drug. Flavonoid, saponin, zink as antioxidant can decreased of blood glucose in diabetic.Objective: The study aimed to identify the effect of Ruellia tuberosa L extract on glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvat transaminases as well as liver histology of diabetic white mice (Rattus norvegicus).Method: The study was pure experimental that used a pre-post test control group design. The study used 30 male Rattus norvegicus. They were divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 6 rats. Group I rats served as the normal control. Groups II to V consisted of rats with DM induced with alloxan 170 mg/kgBB subcutaneously. The experiment made was as followed. Group I served as control, group II was DM+aquades, group III was DM+Ruellia tuberosa L extract 1.6 mg/ kgBB/day, group IV was DM+Ruellia tuberosa L extract 3.2 mg/kgBB/day, and group V was DM+Ruellia tuberosa L extract 6.4 mg/kgBB/day. Glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvat transaminases was measured before beginning and end of the treatment. The blood was taken from sinus orbitalis. At day 30 (end of the study) the rats were sacrifced for their liver. Data of transaminase oxaloacetate glutamate serum and transaminase pyruvat glutamate serum level were analyzed using one way ANOVA. The result of liver histology was analyzed descriptively.Results: The effect of Ruellia tuberosa L extract within 30 days of study could minimize level of transaminase oxaloacetate glutamate serum and transaminase pyruvat glutamate serum of DM rats. Maximal decreasing in extract 3,2 mg. Histologically there was no damage of the liver.Conclusion: Ruellia tuberose L extract could minimize level of transaminase oxaloacetat glutamate serum and transaminase pyruvat glutamate serum of DM and liver histology is normal.

Tamban fish and spinach are one type of food that is beneficial to health. Aside from being a staple food, tamban fish have good nutritional content such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C. Meanwhile, spinach contains fiber and antioxidants that are high enough to meet the body's needs. However, processed food based on tamban fish and spinach leaves until now is still lacking due to lack of consuming tamban fish because it has a lot of thorns and consumes less spinach because it doesn't like eating vegetables. So in this service, another method is introduced for the utilization of these two foodstuffs by processing them into meatballs from tamban fish and spinach in fulfilling nutritional intake, especially in children in preventing stunting. The method used in this training is counseling and practice which includes providing material with lectures through face to face, dialogue and questions and answers and discussion. The training that has been carried out provides understanding and skills to the people of the Rugemuk Village in Pantai Labu Subdistrict, in the use of tamban fish and spinach that are processed into fish flour as ingredients for making meatballs which are functional food, participants' responses when providing training and material about the content nutrition in tamban and spinach leaves and their use in other forms is quite positive. The participants were very enthusiastic during the training as seen from the many participants who asked. And the practice of making meatballs from tamban fish flour and spinach leaves carried out also succeeded in increasing the knowledge and skills of the participants in regards to processing tamban fish and spinach leaves. It is hoped that the active role of the participants in disseminating information about the use of tamban fish and spinach leaves which can be processed into fish meal as ingredients in making meatballs to other communities in their surroundings.

Breastfeeding is the ideal way of giving food to babies aged 0-6 months. Breast milk has a balanced composition that is good for growth and meets the nutritional demands of newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the association between breastfeeding moms' knowledge about breastfeeding and breastfeeding. This study is a cross-sectional observational analytic study. Breastfeeding moms with kids aged 4 to 12 months comprised the study's sample. Based on the study results, it was found that breastfeeding mothers had good knowledge of breastfeeding by 45.7%, exclusive breastfeeding by 68.6%, and mothers who had low education and gave exclusive breastfeeding by 60.8%. There was a significant association between a mother's nursing knowledge and breastfeeding and breastfeeding (sig. < 0.05). Breastfeeding mothers have various educational backgrounds and different levels of knowledge, but the majority practice exclusive breastfeeding.