The trend of modern development in some countries is the decline in the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP (gross domestic product), as a consequence of the increased contribution of the non-agricultural sector. So the development strategy that is often applied is to increase the role of the modern sector (industry and services) that have a high level of productivity. The agricultural sector, which has low productivity, often escapes the development strategy, even though the agricultural sector is a place to make a living for some poor people who are in rural areas. This study aims to analyze the effect of economic structural transformation on poverty in Indonesia. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data, in the form of time series data between 1980-2017 obtained from World Bank publications, the World Income Inequality Database, and the Central Statistics Agency. Analysis of the data used is to use VECM estimation to see the short-term relationship and the long-term relationship of each variable. The estimation results of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) concluded that in the long run, the agricultural sector has a negative and significant relationship to poverty, while the industrial and service sectors do not have a significant effect on poverty in Indonesia. Per capita income has a positive relationship with poverty in Indonesia. Based on the explanation, it concludes that the policy that must be implemented to overcome the problem of poverty is to develop the agricultural sector.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dua arah antara Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ekpor, pengeluaran pemerintah dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Secara empiris penelitian ini menggunakan data time series periode tahun 1981-2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) untuk melihat hubungan antara FDI, Ekspor, Pengeluaran Pemerintah dan GDP. Berdasarkan uji stasioneritas data, semua variabel telah stasioner pada tingkat first difference, panjang lag yang optimum terletak pada lag 2, hasil pengujian Granger Causality menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara FDI terhadap GDP namun tidak ada hubungan antara GDP dengan FDI, hal ini dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan namun tidak searah/timbal balik, sedangkan tidak ada hubungan antara ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi (GDP) dan sebaliknya. Sementara disisi lain tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap FDI namun terdapat hubungan antara FDI terhadap pengeluaran pemerintah. Hubungan antara ekspor terhadap FDI dan sebaliknya FDI terhadap ekspor tidak terdapat hubungan sama sekali antara kedua variabel tersebut. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap FDI, namun terdapat hubungan antara FDI terhadap GDP. Terdapat hubungan antara pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap ekspor, dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara ekspor terhadap pengeluaran pemerintah. Sementara pada uji Johansen Cointegration Test menunjukkan data tidak terkointegrasi, sedangkan uji Implus Respon Function (IRF) juga menunjukkan respon FDI terhadap ekspor, pengeluaran pemerintah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (GDP) lebih kecil dibandingkan respon sebaliknya untuk semua variabel lain.
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