Planta invasora de difícil controle, o picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.) pode ser encontrado em quase todo o Brasil, inclusive nas áreas agrícolas ocupadas com espécies olerícolas, como a alface (Lactuca sativa L.). O controle das plantas invasoras tem sido realizado principalmente pelo uso de herbicidas, promovendo impacto ambiental e risco a saúde humana e animal. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso de folhas secas de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden sobre a germinação e o crescimento inicial de alface e picão-preto. Foram analisadas quatro concentrações do extrato aquoso (25, 50, 75 e 100%), além da testemunha (0%). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições de cada tratamento, constituídas por 50 sementes de alface ou picão-preto distribuídas em gerbox e mantidas em câmara tipo B.O.D com fotoperíodo de 12h a 25ºC por 7 dias. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden não apresentou potencial alelopático em relação às plântulas de picão-preto e a baixas concentrações pouco influenciou a germinação e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de alface.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is an agricultural crop with a large increase in production in the last three decades and is an essential component in the manufacture of animal and human food. Understanding the interactions between crop and other plant species used as green manure that can improve yield and so reduce environmental damage. Forages can release secondary metabolites in the environment that influence in a beneficial or harmful way to other plants, characterizing the allelopathy process. The Níger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is used in agricultural systems because it releases allelochemicals, especially flavonoids. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effects of the Niger straw on the germination and initial growth of soybean seedlings. The treatments consisted of aqueous extracts of niger stems, leaves and roots in different concentrations (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%). For each treatment, five replications were performed, each composed by a 25 seeds distributed in gearbox kept in incubator chamber for 7 days at 25ºC and 12 hours photo period. The experimental design was completely randomized and the data were evaluated by analysis of variance and the means of treatments compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The results show a reduction in germination and initial growth of soybean seedlings submitted to aqueous extract of niger stem and roots. In contrast, the aqueous extract of the Niger leaves increased the length of soybean seedlings. The allelopathic effects of the Niger probably occur due to the presence of flavonoids in the tissues of this plant species.