Scientific practices stemming from colonialism, whereby middle- and low-income countries supply data for high-income countries and the contributions of local expertise are devalued, are still prevalent today in the field of palaeontology. In response to these unjust practices, countries such as Mexico and Brazil adopted protective laws and regulations during the twentieth century to preserve their palaeontological heritage. However, scientific colonialism is still reflected in many publications describing fossil specimens recovered from these countries. Here, we present examples of ‘palaeontological colonialism’ from publications on Jurassic–Cretaceous fossils from NE Mexico and NE Brazil spanning the last three decades. Common issues that we identified in these publications are the absence of both fieldwork and export permit declarations and the lack of local experts among authorships. In Mexico, access to many fossil specimens is restricted on account of these specimens being housed in private collections, whereas a high number of studies on Brazilian fossils are based on specimens illegally reposited in foreign collections, particularly in Germany and Japan. Finally, we outline and discuss the wider academic and social impacts of these research practices, and propose exhaustive recommendations to scientists, journals, museums, research institutions and government and funding agencies in order to overcome these practices.
A Bacia do Araripe conhecida mundialmente pelos seus fósseis apresenta excelente e bem diversificado registro de fauna e flora. Com a crescente publicação de novos achados paleobotânicos na Bacia do Araripe, apresenta-se aqui, uma síntese de toda a paleoflora descrita, até o momento, fornecendo suas informações diagnósticas. A paleoflora da bacia é abundante, variada e dominada por coníferas, contém também algumas licopsidas, pteridófitas, gnetaleanas e vegetais de afinidade desconhecida, incluindo angiospermas. As gimnospermas, angiospermas, fetos e outros componentes menos abundantes como licófitas e esfenófitas compõem a paleoflora do Araripe, sendo as gimnospermas o grupo mais abundante. De acordo com os registros, a Formação Crato (Cretáceo) possui o maior número de descrições além de ser bem mais diversificada que as Formações Missão Velha (Jurássico) e Romualdo (Cretáceo).
A presença das lamelas circunferenciais externas (= external fundamental system-EFS) nos ossos dos tetrápodes, indica uma finalização efetiva de qualquer crescimento periosteal significante. Embora esteja presente em alguns Archosauromorpha, a ideia de um crescimento contínuo nesse grupo ainda permanece. Aqui são apresentados novos dados sobre presença de EFS em Neosuchia, um clado composto por crocodilomorfos terrestres, e suas implicações através da história evolutiva dos arcossauros. Utilizamos uma costela parcialmente completa, referida à um crocodilo dirossaurídeo (CAV 0014-V). O córtex era composto por tecido zonal-lamelar, rede vascular com ósteons primários e canais vasculares simples, dispostos longitudinalmente. Ósteons secundários ocorrem no córtex inferior e no tecido esponjoso, marcando o remodelamento ósseo. Periosticamente foi detectada a presença de EFS, indicando o final do crescimento assintótico do espécime e caracterizando-o como esqueleticamente maduro. Seu arranjo micro estrutural condiz com um animal de metabolismo e crescimento lentos, o que já é conhecido para táxons evolutivamente relacionados a Dyrosauridae. Até o momento foi registrado EFS em alguns Pseudosuchia, Crocodilomorpha, Pterosauria e Dinosauria, identificando o crescimento determinado em arcossauros desde os grupos extintos até táxons atuais. Novas evidências sobre EFS adicionariam suporte a hipótese de crescimento determinado como regra e não exceção nos Archosauria.
Susisuchus anatoceps is a neosuchian crocodylomorph lying outside the clade Eusuchia, and associated with the transition between basal and advanced neosuchians and the rise of early eusuchians. The specimen MPSC R1136 comprises a partially articulated postcranial skeleton and is only the third fossil assigned to this relevant taxon. Thin sections of a right rib and right ulna of this specimen have been cut for histological studies and provide the first paleohistological information of an advanced non-eusuchian neosuchian from South America. The cross-section of the ulna shows a thick cortex with 17 lines of arrested growth (LAGs), a few scattered vascular canals, and primary and secondary osteons. This bone has a free medullary cavity and a spongiosa is completely absent. Thin sections of the rib show that remodeling process was active when the animal died, with a thin cortex and a well-developed spongiosa. In the latter, few secondary osteons and 4 LAGs were identified. According to the observed data, Susisuchus anatoceps had a slow-growing histological microstructure pattern, which is common in crocodylomorphs. The high number of ulnar LAGs and the active remodeling process are indicative that this animal was at least a late subadult, at or past the age of sexual maturity. This contradicts previous studies that interpreted this and other Susisuchus anatoceps specimens as juveniles, and suggests that full-grown adults of this species were relatively small-bodied, comparable in size to modern dwarf crocodiles.
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