The objective was to characterize the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in goats experimentally infected vaginally with semen contaminated with the CPG strain (genotype III). Ten female goats were randomly allocated into 2 groups (G1 and G2), each with 5 animals, and inseminated during estrus. Goats in G1 were inseminated with semen containing 1 × 10(5) tachyzoites, whereas those in G2 (control) were inseminated with semen free from tachyzoites (insemination = day 0). In G1, seroconversion (indirect immunofluorescence reaction) and DNA (polymerase chain reaction) in the blood was present in 4/5 and 3/5, respectively, from the 7th day. In G2, all goats were negative in all tests. Embryonic reabsorption occurred in 4 of 5 goats from G1 between days 21 and 49. In conclusion, artificial vaginal insemination with semen containing tachyzoites of T. gondii -infected goats and is a potential transmission route of this parasite through semen.

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of the present study was to assess the venereal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in goats. Two bucks of reproductive age were used. One of them was infected orally with 2 × 10 5 oocysts of the ME-49 strain of T. gondii, whereas the other buck was not infected (control). Ten does were randomly allocated into two groups (G1 and G2), each with five animals. The does in G1 were mated with the buck that had been experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts. Those in G2 (control) were mated with the serologically negative buck. Infection of the buck and does from G1 was confirmed based on clinical, serological, molecular and histopathological findings. Seroconversion (Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction) occurred in the infected buck on the 7th day post-infection (d.p.i.) and T. gondii DNA was present (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in the blood and semen on the 3rd d.p.i. In G1, two of the five females seroconverted. T. gondii DNA was found in the blood of two does. The buck in G2 and all of the females that mated with him were negative in all tests. With regard to gestational development among the females in G1, the following results were recorded: embryonic reabsorption occurred in one animal on day 34 after mating; one animal aborted on day 42 after mating; the three other females gave birth to full-term healthy kids. One of these kids exhibited PCR-positive blood at birth. In total, 40% of the does in G1 and 80% of the kids born alive in G1 were PCR-positive in at least one organ. The present study demonstrated that venereal transmission of T. gondii occurs in goats, with vertical transmission occurring from does mated with an infected buck to their kids.

RESUMO: A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma doença de caráter infeccioso e não contagiosa que afeta tanto o homem como diversas espécies de animais silvestres e domésticos, apresentando as formas clínicas cutânea, mucocutânea e cutânea difusa. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as características epidemiológicas da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em Alagoas, no período de 2010 a 2018. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, de cunho descritivo e retrospectivo, a respeito do perfil epidemiológico da doença, utilizando como fonte dos dados, o Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e artigos científicos sobre o tema. As variáveis verificadas foram: mesorregião, ano diagnóstico, forma clínica, gênero, raça/cor, faixa etária, zona de residência e evolução dos casos. No período analisado, ocorreram 498 notificações, sendo 83,13% procedentes do leste alagoano. A forma clínica cutânea foi a de maior prevalência (93,1%), e o gênero masculino e os pardos, apresentaram respectivamente 66% e 63,6%.  A faixa etária de 20-39 anos foi a mais atingida (27,1%). A doença continua apresentando uma distribuição importante na zona rural, com 80,3% dos casos.  A letalidade permanece baixa, com 78,5% dos pacientes evoluindo para a cura. A partir dos dados encontrados, foi verificado que o perfil epidemiológico da LTA em Alagoas continua muito semelhante à maioria dos estudos sobre o tema. Nos últimos anos, apesar das reduções sucessivas no número de casos notificados, a doença continua endêmica no estado, principalmente em razão de fatores de risco, como a fragilidade socioeconômica e pessoas vulneráveis morando na área rural em moradias inadequadas. Desse modo, é necessário reforçar as medidas de controle e preventivas para evitar um aumento do número de casos na região. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Epidemiologia, Leishmania ssp., Leishmaniose cutânea.

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