The WHO has included the spiritual dimension in its definition of palliative care since 1990, but this dimension is frequently confused with notions of religion. Yet, the spiritual suffering experienced by palliative care patients is primarily a matter of existential suffering. The objective of this study was to examine the ways in which the existential dimension was manifested in the experiences of those present in a palliative care unit. This anthropological monograph was conducted in a palliative care unit in a French University Hospital. The existential dimension appears to reside in the connections between individuals and the proximity of death appears to shed new light on the meaning of life. The mirror effect of death on life, could serve to encourage greater appreciation of the value of our connections with others, and the desire to take care of others, which offers new insight into forms of solidarity and social organisation.
Le rapport à l’inconnu que représente la mort est ce que nous avons tous en commun sans exception. En 1986, dans un contexte où le sida bouscule le monde médical, les soins palliatifs sont institutionnalisés en France. L’effet-miroir de la mort sur la vie transmet en effet la prise de conscience de l’importance du lien à l’autre et de notre vulnérabilité commune, révélant ainsi notre interdépendance et la nécessité du prendre soin dans nos vies. En soins palliatifs, c’est dans une approche globale qu’une équipe interdisciplinaire est présente pour accompagner à domicile ou en institution, la personne qui ne peut être guérie ainsi que ses proches. Par leur organisation et leur médiation autour des incommunications, les soins palliatifs permettent de faire place à la dimension existentielle où se révèle alors une communication de « l’esprit du soin » qui ne peut se défaire de la relation à l’autre.
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