The industrial internet of things (IIoT) is growing at an exponential rate generating massive amounts of industrial data. This data must be leveraged to support business and operational goals. As a result, there is an urgent need for adopting big data technologies to enable data analytics in industrial automation. This paper explores interrelations between IIoT and big data technologies and how they work together to generate business insights from industrial data. Additionally, requirements for cloud-based solutions are derived from the Industrie 4.0 use case scenario value-based-services, focusing on condition monitoring and predictive maintenance services. A survey of selected cloud-based platforms is conducted to examine how these platforms meet the requirements derived from the use case. Results show that existing general cloud platforms should adopt more IIoT applications and platforms, while existing industrial cloud platforms should add big data frameworks to their portfolio. Finally, an architecture for integrating cloudbased IIoT and big data solutions is introduced and issues regarding the use of public cloud for IIoT applications are discussed.

This paper presents a novel model-based approach for the prediction of energy consumption in production plants in order to detect anomalies. A special Ethernet-based data acquisition approach is implemented that features real-time sampling of process and energy data. Hybrid timed automaton models of the supervised production plant are generated and executed in parallel to the system by using data samples as model input. According to comparisons of predicted energy consumption with the production plant observations, anomalies can be detected automatically. An evaluation within a small factory shows that anomalies of 10%differences in energy consumption, wrong control sequences and wrong timings can be detected with a minimum accuracy of 98 %. With this approach, downtimes of production systems can be shortened and atypical energy consumptions can be detected and adjusted to optimal operation

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Previous research has shown that algorithmic decisions can reflect gender bias. The increasingly widespread utilization of algorithms in critical decision-making domains (e.g., healthcare or hiring) can thus lead to broad and structural disadvantages for women. However, women often experience bias and discrimination through human decisions and may turn to algorithms in the hope of receiving neutral and objective evaluations. Across three studies (N = 1107), we examine whether women’s receptivity to algorithms is affected by situations in which they believe that their gender identity might disadvantage them in an evaluation process. In Study 1, we establish, in an incentive-compatible online setting, that unemployed women are more likely to choose to have their employment chances evaluated by an algorithm if the alternative is an evaluation by a man rather than a woman. Study 2 generalizes this effect by placing it in a hypothetical hiring context, and Study 3 proposes that relative algorithmic objectivity, i.e., the perceived objectivity of an algorithmic evaluator over and against a human evaluator, is a driver of women’s preferences for evaluations by algorithms as opposed to men. Our work sheds light on how women make sense of algorithms in stereotype-relevant domains and exemplifies the need to provide education for those at risk of being adversely affected by algorithmic decisions. Our results have implications for the ethical management of algorithms in evaluation settings. We advocate for improving algorithmic literacy so that evaluators and evaluates (e.g., hiring managers and job applicants) can acquire the abilities required to reflect critically on algorithmic decisions.