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The recent attention towards research and development in cyber-physical energy systems has introduced the necessity of emerging multi-domain co-simulation tools. Different educational, research and industrial efforts have been set to tackle the co-simulation topic from several perspectives. The majority of previous works has addressed the standardization of models and interfaces for data exchange, automation of simulation, as well as improving performance and accuracy of co-simulation setups. Furthermore, the domains of interest so far have involved communication, control, markets and the environment in addition to physical energy systems. However, the current characteristics and state of co-simulation testbeds need to be re-evaluated for future research demands. These demands vary from new domains of interest, such as human and social behavior models, to new applications of co-simulation, such as holistic prognosis and system planning. This paper aims to formulate these research demands that can then be used as a road map and guideline for future development of co-simulation in cyber-physical energy systems.

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The fast growth of the share of distributed and renewable energy generation is a common European target. It contributes to the protection of energy resources and environment as well as to the reduction of the dependency of primary energy imports. The integration of RES into the electric energy system has become an important challenge for the utilization and control of electric power systems, because of the fluctuating and intermittent behaviour of wind and solar power generation. In the Renewable Model Region Harz project 4 (Reg-ModHarz), different renewable energy producers, controllable consumers and energy storage devices will be coupled to a large virtual power plant (VPP). By the co-ordination of production, storage and consumption, the proof that a stable, reliable and consumer-oriented supply of electricity is possible even with a high share of RES will to be furnished. Based on this approach, a cooperative, regional power supply system will be developed and realized in the renewable model region. The communication-technical connection of producers and consumers by means of modern ICT-solutions makes it possible to capture and coordinate the respective consumption and production characteristics.Index terms --Distributed generation, renewable energy, virtuel power plants, forecasting, wind farm operation, design, optimisation, modelling Florian Schlögl is a mechanical engineer with a diploma in software engineering from the University Kassel in 1999. After two years in Sweden he started at ISET in 2002 in the R&D division information and energy economy. He is dealing mainly with the development of software tools for online monitoring and prediction of wind power to be used at the transmission system operation centers. Florian Schlögl is person in charge of the organization of the project "Renewable Model Region Harz" Dr. Ing. Jörg Heuer received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering at the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Germany, 1997, with a specialisation on digital signal processing and high frequency engineering. Supported by the Corporate Technology of Siemens he received a PhD from the Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen in 2003 for his work on multimedia content description. He joined the Corporate Technology of Siemens AG in 2002, where he has been working as team leader in the fields of multimedia content description and metadata coding. He has been actively contributing to the ISO and ETSI standardization since 1999. He is co-editor of several standards. He chaired the Electronic Service Guide activities in the DVB CBMS group, represents Siemens as AC Representative in the W3C and has also been active in several European research projects. Since 2007 he is responsible with his team for the domain of "Embedded Networks and Service Infrastructure". In particular he works on the adaptation of known communication and programming paradigms for the use within networked embedded devices. This activity is also related to activities in "Internet of Things" and "Web goes Embedde...

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