In this study, an antimicrobial film containing cinnamaldehyde was developed to pack bread and pastry made without preservatives. These products were wrapped with the antimicrobial films and packaged in low‐density polyethylene bags. The antimicrobial activity of the films, the migration of the cinnamaldehyde in the films to the products and product acceptance by consumers were evaluated. Samples of bread and pastry packaged with films without the antimicrobial were used as controls. When samples of bread packaged with the cinnamaldehyde films were analysed, the films were found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of aerobic mesophiles, yeast and mould. The control sample was observed to have twice as much growth (four log cycles) compared with the other treatments after 12 days of storage. After 60 days, the samples of pastry dough showed a reduction of two and three log cycles of growth for aerobic mesophiles and Staphylococcus spp. for the 5 and 10% films, respectively. However, the amounts of yeast and mould in samples packed in either 5 or 10% antimicrobial films did not increase over the storage period. In all evaluations, water activity did not influence the microbiological results. The content of cinnamaldehyde that migrated from the film (5%) to the pastry dough and bread were 0.005 g/g and 0.0025 g/g, respectively, after 3 days of storage at 23 ± 2 °C. This amount of the antimicrobial influenced the acceptance of the pastry dough compared with the control but did not influence the acceptance of the bread, possibly due to the smaller amount of cinnamaldehyde detected in samples of bread in relation to the samples of pastry dough. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ResumoFilmes antimicrobianos foram desenvolvidos com a incorporação de aldeído cinâmico nas concentrações de 5%, 10% e 20% v/p. Suas atividades de inibição do crescimento foram avaliadas para as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Escherichia coli e para os fungos Fusarium oxysporum e Aspergillus flavus. As propriedades mecânicas dos filmes também foram avaliadas. Para as bactérias, à exceção de E. coli, foram observados halos de inibição que aumentaram proporcionalmente ao aumento da concentração de aldeído cinâmico no filme. A espessura média dos filmes utilizados, independentemente da concentração, foi de 32,47 µm e a média de deformação relativa na carga máxima dos filmes foi de 2,05% a 8 °C e 1,73% a 25 °C. O filme contendo 10% de aldeído cinâmico apresentou carga máxima de deformação de 108,27 N (Newton), significativamente menor (p<0,05) que os filmes com 0% e 5%. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de filmes incorporados com aldeído cinâmico é uma alternativa como embalagem ativa para o controle do crescimento de micro-organismos em produtos alimentícios. Palavras-chave: Embalagem ativa; Filmes antimicrobianos; Teste do halo; Permeabilidade ao vapor d'água; Propriedades mecânicas. SummaryAntimicrobial films were developed with the incorporation of cinnamaldehyde at 5, 10 and 20% v/w. The growth inhibition activities of the films were evaluated for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli and for the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus. Their mechanical properties were also evaluated. For the bacteria, with the exception of E. coli, the inhibition zones increased with the increase in concentration of cinnamaldehyde in the film. Regardless of the cinnamaldehyde concentration the average film thickness was 32.47 µm and the mean relative deformation at maximum film load was 2.05% at 8 °C and 1.72% at 25 °C. The film containing 10% of cinnamaldehyde showed a maximum load of 108.26 N, significantly lower (p<0.05) than the films with 0% and 5%.The results showed the potential of the films with cinnamaldehyde incorporated as alternative active packaging for the control of the growth of microorganisms in foods. Campinas, v. 17, n. 1, p. 33-40, jan./mar. 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/bjft.2014 Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes de base celulósica incorporados com aldeído cinâmico Placas de Petri foram preparadas em duplicata e, após solidificação do meio, foi inoculado 0,1 mL das respectivas culturas previamente ativadas e padronizadas para número de células aproximado de 1 x 10 4 UFC.mL -1 (MELO, 2003).Os filmes foram cortados em círculos de 1 cm de diâmetro e esterilizados em câmara com lâmpada de UV (Prodicil, 110 V, 254 nm) por 10 minutos. Em seguida, três pedaços de filme, um controle e dois com a mesma concentração, foram colocados assepticamente nas placas de Petri previamente inoculada com bactéria ou fungo-teste. As placas inoculadas com as bactérias foram incubadas a 37 °C por 48 horas e as placas inoculadas Introdução...
É objetivo deste estudo desenvolver um sistema multimídia com a finalidade de subsidiar a melhoria de procedimentos de higiene em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição. O sistema Clean Up, composto de várias bases de conhecimento e informações interligadas e organizadas em módulos foi avaliado por 30 usuários que responderam ao teste de aceitação baseado na Escala Likert modificada, com os atributos próprios de escala hedônica, com notas de 1 a 9, para classificação que varia de "extremamente bom" a "extremamente ruim". A partir dos dados coletados foram calculadas a moda e os valores máximo e mínimo das notas para cada atributo julgado pelos avaliadores. A nota 8 foi a mais freqüente, classificando os módulos como "muito bom", segundo a escala Likert. É também função do multimídia entreter o usuário. As cores, sons, filmes, imagens devem surpreender e criar expectativas positivas, aumentando a vontade de explorar o conteúdo durante a aquisição do conhecimento.
This article presents a novel radiochromic film for selective detection of low-medium (0-10 kGy) gamma radiation ( 60 Co) doses. This dosimeter is based on a printed fluorescent multilayer structure comprising a paper substrate having layers of copper phthalocyanine (DY220) (a green emitter material) on the bottom, and layers of poly[2-methoxy-5(2 0 -ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) (a green-light absorber, red emitter, and radiation sensitive polymer) on the top. The effect of gamma radiation on the optical properties of DY220/MEH-PPV was described: it was observed as a strong correlation between radiation dose and fluorescent, color coordinates for CIE (1931) chromatic diagram, and Pantone color reference of the dosimeter. The rate of these changes can be altered by manipulation of top-bottom layers to represent easily the radiation dose to be determined in a wide range. This versatile dosimeter has many uses in the field of food radiation for monitoring, quality assurance, and control of the gamma radiation process.
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