Sport evaluation is a fundamental moment in the training process of every athlete, every team and is an indispensable support for the coach. The aims and all the aspects related to the assessment, will be taken into consideration, together to that can have a positive eff ect on performance, allowing each athlete, team and coach a good workout or match, whatever their competitive level. The approach is argumentative theoretical for the part relating at the training theory. Firstly, summarizing and deducting the scientifi c idea of research and of apply it in the practices of measurement and evaluation of the sport performance. One of the topics investigated is the relationship between genetic factors and training factors, in determining the performance of an athlete. The athlete's evaluation process should be useful in setting up and controlling the training and providing information to improve sport performance.
In 2018 the Italian government has proposed a bill to develop Physical Education PE in Primary school. The focus is the qualifications of Primary teachers throughout PE degree course for teaching qualifications instead the generalist training, as well as it happens in secondary school. Aim is to point out the core curriculum to become a specialist teacher of PE in the Italian primary school. It is a mapping activity providing a comparative data from all 38 Italian degree course in PE. It based on declared learning outcomes of four areas of knowledge: 1. sport and physical activity; 2. biological, biomedical and clinical; 3. psicopedagogical; 4. historical, legal, economic, statistical and sociological. Results shows that the percentage of degree course that curriculum focus on PES is 34%, while the percentage of curricula, focused on biological, biomedical and clinical area is 63%. It seems that, despite University aims to train professional in the field of PE, the degree courses of PE are mainly shaped to build biological, biomedical and clinical skills instead professional skills of PES. The core curriculum should be aim on the strict elements of physical training and sport sciences methodology and should have the same structure plane of subjects on all of 38 universities.
Also in Italy, as well as to be in all others states European Union, the academic disciplines in university system have to change to conform to the 3 areas: SH Social Sciences and Humanities, PE Physical Sciences and Engineering, LS (Life Sciences), 25 panel and 333 sub panel of European Research Council Panel Structure 2018. Nowadays, it is compulsory to have the same language within the European Union and its European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA). This change concerns the funding of research and the recruitment of professors; currently in Italy they follow two different procedures and the reform aims to pursue the unique way. Physical activity and sports sciences are in two different scientific areas: the human and social sciences and the life sciences. The problem is therefore to choose a single scientific area or to stay in two areas, to define the declaration of the academic discipline with the protection of the professors' rights and the relationship with the ERC Area. The academic disciplines of Physical activity and Sport sciences field could be made by the following descriptors: Health, ageing-Social aspects of learning, curriculum studies, educational policies-Science and technology studies-Cognitive basis of human development and education, developmental disorders; comparative cognition-Personality and social cognition-Emotion-Clinical and health psychology-Neuropsychology-Attention, perception, action, consciousness-Learning, memory-Cognition in ageing-Reasoning, decision-making-Intelligence-Language learning and processing-Theoretical linguistics-computational linguistics-Comparative physiology and pathophysiology-Fundamental mechanisms underlying ageing-Sensation and perception-Neural bases of cognitive processes-Other medical technologies for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases
Consideration of a possible use of virtual reality technologies in school contexts requires gathering together the suggestions of many scientific domains aimed at understanding the features of these same tools that let them offer valid support to the teaching-learning processes in educational settings. Specifically, the present study is aimed at creating a theoretical framework for the didactic use of VR technologies in schools, highlighting the characteristics of these tools that are supported by a view of teaching that enhances sensorimotor activity in learning. The theoretical approach, through the study of the international scientific literature on this topic, offers interdisciplinary suggestions for realising teaching-learning practices that are supported by scientific principles and a concept of learning that is consistent with the processes that these tools may activate.
Research purpose. The present study aims to examine the changes in physical activity levels during the lockdown due to COVID-19 in Italy. In particular, it aims to evaluate the impact of physical exercise on psychological health, how much the home environment influences the desire to train and what people think about Smart-fitness and sport in general. Materials and methods. A sample of 268 people from the province of Salerno participated in the study, with an average age of 26 years. To achieve the tasks set, the study relied on the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, formulation and administration of a questionnaire and data analysis through methods of mathematical statistics. A structured questionnaire was prepared, disseminated through social networks. To analyze the data, the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS) and descriptive statistics were used to calculate the demographic variables. The factor analysis was also calculated to verify the characteristics of the sport considered important by the participants. Results. The results obtained made it possible to understand the main type of physical activity carried out during the quarantine (aerobic activity 35%, functional training 27%, anaerobic activity 19%), the time dedicated to each session (52.8% practice for 1 hour) and the weekly frequency of the same (42.9% practice physical activity continuously more than ¾ times a week). It was also understood the reasons that prompted the interviewees to train, the way they planned their session and the equipment used. Finally, it was shown that the majority of the sample (64.17%) knew smart fitness considering it an interesting activity, and the influence attributed to the home environment by a scale of values from 1 to 5. Furthermore, the factor analysis shows us the most relevant aspects wich respondents attributed to sport. More frequently, respondents place greater importance on being loyal and correct, on the contrary, lower values are attributed to the importance of earning money, and not to disappoint others. Conclusions. The study found that COVID-19 did not stop athletes, who quickly adapted to the new situation. The home environment has proved to be very influential on the desire to train, despite this, they hope to return to the gym as soon as possible.
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