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BackgroundThe term “humanization” indicates the process by which people try to make something more human and civilized, more in line with what is believed to be the human nature. The humanization of care is an important and not yet a well-defined issue which includes a wide range of aspects related to the approach to the patient and care modalities. In pediatrics, the humanization concept is even vaguer due to the dual involvement of both the child and his/her family and by the existence of multiple proposed models.ObjectiveThe present study aims to analyze the main existing humanization models regarding pediatric care, and the tools for assessing its grade.ResultsThe main Humanization care programs have been elaborated and developed both in America (Brazil, USA) and Europe. The North American and European models specifically concern pediatric care, while the model developed in Brazil is part of a broader program aimed at all age groups. The first emphasis is on the importance of the family in child care, the second emphasis is on the child’s right to be a leader, to be heard and to be able to express its opinion on the program’s own care. Several tools have been created and used to evaluate humanization of care programs and related aspects. None, however, had been mutually compared.ConclusionsThe major models of humanization care and the related assessment tools here reviewed highlight the urgent need for a more unifying approach, which may help in realizing health care programs closer to the young patient’s and his/her family needs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13052-017-0394-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The economic efficiency in competitive container terminals promotes continuous innovations to reduce the operating costs based on the reduction of processes operating time by automated means, on the service continuity enhancement and on energy saving techniques. The increasing container number moved makes necessary the compensation of high values of energy absorbed from the utility by promoting renewable energy sources and an innovative approach of a coordinated management of the global energy absorption of all the port tenants (microgrid management). The paper deals with the relevance of system integrity aspects in the design phase and in its following management. Electrical distribution architecture, integrated at least by two independent sources from the utility company, has a vital impact on system availability throughout its lifecycle. Thanks to a flexible power distribution system assisted by a prompt reaction of a qualified maintenance staff, system critical loads could be re-energized in emergency condition such as faults, maintenance operations and interruption of one energy supply from the utility company. The paper used as reference the Port of Long Beach for the data reported as example

Port facilities have to be organized as microgrids to pursue an efficient electrical utilization based on the four “l”-pillars in the sustainable energy use: levelled, less, local, load (lele-lolo). This paper deals with the special case of STS cranes characterized by high power peaks and a low load factor that require an over-sized electrical network and cause high costs because electrical utilities charge greatly the power peaks. For these reasons, this paper discusses a comprehensive peak shaving solution that implements the coordination of cranes' duty cycles with a power optimization tool and, as energy storage systems, both ultracapacitors and flywheels, allowing the port operator to optimize their power demand, as well as their network design. The suggested “hybrid” solution combines, on the board of each crane, an adequate number of ultracapacitors and in the shore transformer substation, flywheel's modules operating on the simultaneous behavior of the cranes group