The World Health Organization classifies Leishmania as one of the 17 “neglected diseases” that burden tropical and sub-tropical climate regions with over half a million diagnosed cases each year. Despite this, currently available anti-leishmania drugs have high toxicity and the potential to be made obsolete by parasite drug resistance. We chose to analyze organoselenides for leishmanicidal potential given the reduced toxicity inherent to selenium and the displayed biological activity of organoselenides against Leishmania. Thus, the biological activities of 77 selenoesters and their N-aryl-propanamide derivatives were predicted using robust in silico models of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania major, and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The models identified 28 compounds with >60% probability of demonstrating leishmanicidal activity against L. infantum, and likewise, 26 for L. amazonesis, 25 for L. braziliensis, and 23 for L. major. The in silico prediction of ADMET properties suggests high rates of oral absorption and good bioavailability for these compounds. In the in silico toxicity evaluation, only seven compounds showed signs of toxicity in up to one or two parameters. The methodology was corroborated with the ensuing experimental validation, which evaluated the inhibition of the Promastigote form of the Leishmania species under study. The activity of the molecules was determined by the IC50 value (µM); IC50 values < 20 µM indicated better inhibition profiles. Sixteen compounds were synthesized and tested for their activity. Eight molecules presented IC50 values < 20 µM for at least one of the Leishmania species under study, with compound NC34 presenting the strongest parasite inhibition profile. Furthermore, the methodology used was effective, as many of the compounds with the highest probability of activity were confirmed by the in vitro tests performed.
A acidificação dos oceanos é uma grave ameaça para a vida marinha, que afeta diretamente os organismos calcificadores. Até o presente momento, há poucos relatos na literatura a respeito de trabalhos que tenham utilizado esta temática para o ensino de ciências. Neste artigo, apresentamos a análise das contribuições de uma sequência didática (SD) com enfoque CTSA (Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente), visando contextualizar conceitos relativos à química inorgânica, a partir das substâncias e reações químicas envolvidas no processo de acidificação dos oceanos. Participaram da pesquisa 31 estudantes do 1° ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública localizada no município de João Pessoa-PB. Durante a aplicação da SD, os participantes vivenciaram momentos de leitura textual, debates, aulas experimentais e atividade lúdica. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, dois questionários foram aplicados. Os resultados evidenciaram um maior envolvimento dos estudantes com a aprendizagem por meio da contextualização dos conteúdos dentro da temática de acidificação dos oceanos, promovendo um olhar ampliado para a questão da poluição causada pelos seres humanos e os malefícios que esta causa ao ambiente marinho e à sociedade.
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