El turismo rural debe respetar y preservar el medio ambiente y servir de ayuda a la diversificación económica. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la capacidad del turismo rural como instrumento para favorecer la eficiencia laboral y el desarrollo sostenible en espacios naturales protegidos. Se consideran factores laborales y de servicios de 55 zonas turísticas españolas emplazadas en espacios naturales protegidos, aplicándose técnicas de Análisis Envolvente de Datos y de Análisis Multivariante. La eficiencia del empleo en el turismo rural que se desarrolla en espacios naturales protegidos es poco significativa, siendo pocas las zonas turísticas que la alcanzan. El elevado proteccionismo de estas figuras de protección medioambiental, con planteamientos aislacionistas no favorece la eficiencia. El turismo rural puede ser un elemento de desarrollo sostenible del territorio, ayudando a la activación de recursos y al reequilibrio del territorio, pero para ello es importante conseguir la integración de los espacios naturales protegidos en las zonas rurales a través del planteamiento de modelos de gestión medioambiental adecuados.
The COVID-19 health crisis has wreaked devastation on the world economy, especially on the tourism sector. The camping sector has been little studied despite its high economic impact and participation rate. Moreover, the observable effects of phenomena such as the COVID-19 pandemic have received little research attention. Consequently, the objective of this paper is therefore to analyse the effects of the pandemic on camping tourism by characterising the factors that determine it. The study is carried out by providing a geographical perspective of the sector by tourist areas, whereby two types of tourist destinations are considered: campsites located in coastal areas, and campsites located in natural areas. This is the main contribution of the work, as the proposed geographical analysis studies smaller territorial units than those usually used in tourism research. For the study, Multivariate Analysis techniques are applied, specifically Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis. The results show that there is a balance between supply and demand in the sector, with a significant economic impact, especially on employment and the performance of the sector. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to nature tourism gaining greater popularity, and shows an evolution in travellers' preferences for tourist destinations in favour of campsites located in natural areas over those located in coastal destinations. The geographical location of the tourist destination, therefore, plays a key role in the characterisation of Spanish campsites. This has practical implications for both camping companies and institutions, as the fact that some areas are more attractive than others is a decisive factor in deciding on the location of new campsites.
En las investigaciones sobre turismo y espacios naturales protegidos, se manifiestan dos tendencias, en una el turismo se muestra como elemento que contribuye al bienestar local y al desarrollo socioeconómico, mientras que otra, vincula el turismo en dichos espacios, a una normativa excesivamente restrictiva que dificulta la actividad turística y con ello el desarrollo rural. Este trabajo, contribuye a estas investigaciones y plantea el objetivo de determinar la relación existente entre los espacios naturales protegidos, el turismo de naturaleza y su impacto como eje vertebrador para el desarrollo rural. Para ello, se analizan los espacios protegidos de la región de Andalucía (España), aplicándose para el estudio técnicas estadísticas de Análisis Multivariante. Se identifican el dinamismo turístico, laboral y socioeconómico, la eficacia turística, la calidad de los recursos naturales, las actividades de fomento e inversión territorial y los recursos turísticos como factores que caracterizan los espacios naturales protegidos regionales. Dichos factores tienen un impacto positivo en el 75% del territorio, lo que muestra que estos espacios son activos reales del desarrollo rural y local de la región. El turismo como actividad se beneficia de los recursos y valores de estas zonas, contribuyendo al desarrollo territorial de áreas rurales necesitadas de revitalización.
Tourism is one of the fastest-growing economic sectors. This has piqued increasing interest in the evaluation of the performance of the sector. This paper joins this line of research by providing a potential framework for measuring efficiency in the context of a country such as Spain, where sun-and-sand tourism, usually associated with mass tourism, predominates. Tourist areas located on the coast provide the units of reference. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied to determine the efficiency score and a Tobit-type model is employed to analyse the factors that determine efficiency. The results show that the impact of mass tourism on labour efficiency is geographically unequal, with the most efficient of the tourist areas located on the peninsular archipelagos. The analysis of the contribution of each input to the efficiency score reveals the pre-eminent role of tourism infrastructure as a lure for sun-and-sand tourism.
La pandemia de la COVID 19 ha afectado de forma notable a las Universidades, provocando y acelerando cambios que afectan a todos los ámbitos. Entre estas modificaciones, la docencia ha tenido que realizar importantes variaciones metodológicas, asumiendo una mayor presencia tecnológica. En este marco, el objetivo del estudio es analizar el impacto provocado por estos cambios en la asignatura de Estadística Empresarial II (EEII), impartida en las titulaciones del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (GADE) y el Doble Grado en Derecho y Administración y Dirección de Empresas (XAYD) en la Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla. Se comprueba que las modificaciones introducidas en la asignatura, provocan un efecto negativo sobre los resultados académicos, tanto en el número de presentados como en el de aprobados. Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has noticeably affected Universities, provoking and accelerating changes in every field. Among these modifications, teaching has gone through significant methodological changes, assuming a larger technological presence. Regarding this, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of these alterations on the subject Statistics for Business II, taught in Degree in Business Administration and Management and Double Degree in Business Administration and Management and Law, at Pablo de Olavide University in Seville. The changes introduced in this subject have been proved to negatively affect its academic results, both in the number of students who took the final tests as well as the number of those who passed it.
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