Laboraroire de GPodynamique er ModPlisation des Bassins Sidimenraires, U P P A , auenue dr I'UnivrrsiiP, 64 000 Pau, France .'Laborntoire de Tectonique. MCcanique cie la Lirhosphe're, IPGP, 4 place Jussieu, 75 252 Paris cedex 05, France 'Depurtarnento de Geologiu, EPN, A p . 2759, Olrito, Ecuador S U M M A R Y T h e segment of the Interandean Depression of Ecuador between Ambato and Quito is characterized by an uppermost Pliocene-Quaternary basin, which is located between two N-S trending reverse basement faults: the Victoria Fault t o the west, and the Pisayambo Fault to the east. T h e clear evidence of E-W shortening for the early Pleistocene (between 1.85 and 1.21 Ma) favours a compressional basin interpretation. The morphology (river deviations, landslides, folded and flexure structures) demonstrates continuous shortening during the late Quaternary. T h e late Pliocene-Quaternary shortening reached 3400 f 600 m with a rate of 1.4 f 0.3 m m yr-'. T h e E-W shortening is kinematically consistent with the current right-lateral reverse motion along the NE-SW trending Pallatanga Fault. T h e Quito-Ambato zone appears t o act as a N-S restraining bend in a system of large right-lateral strike-slip faults. T h e compressive deformation. which affects the Interandean Depression during the Pliocene is apparently coeval t o the beginning subduction of very young oceanic lithosphere north of the Gulf of Guayaquil. The relatively buoyant new crust may have significantly increased the mechanical coupling in the subduction zone from Pliocene t o Present.

BackgroundDengue is a leading cause of morbidity throughout the tropics; however, accurate population-based estimates of mortality rates are not available.Methods/Principal FindingsWe established the Enhanced Fatal Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance System (EFASS) to estimate dengue mortality rates in Puerto Rico. Healthcare professionals submitted serum and tissue specimens from patients who died from a dengue-like acute febrile illness, and death certificates were reviewed to identify additional cases. Specimens were tested for markers of dengue virus (DENV) infection by molecular, immunologic, and immunohistochemical methods, and were also tested for West Nile virus, Leptospira spp., and other pathogens based on histopathologic findings. Medical records were reviewed and clinical data abstracted. A total of 311 deaths were identified, of which 58 (19%) were DENV laboratory-positive. Dengue mortality rates were 1.05 per 100,000 population in 2010, 0.16 in 2011 and 0.36 in 2012. Dengue mortality was highest among adults 19–64 years and seniors ≥65 years (1.17 and 1.66 deaths per 100,000, respectively). Other pathogens identified included 34 Leptospira spp. cases and one case of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Neisseria meningitidis.Conclusions/SignificanceEFASS showed that dengue mortality rates among adults were higher than reported for influenza, and identified a leptospirosis outbreak and index cases of melioidosis and meningitis.

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Although urethral strictures have been known since antiquity, the surgical management of urethral strictures has undergone a great (re)evolution over the last six decades, both in the perception of the disease and in the surgical repair techniques, always presenting itself as a challenge for the surgeon and patient. Reconstruction of urethral stricture disease involving a combination of grafts and flaps consists of a group of complex procedures with specific clinical indications. The knowledge of these procedures by reconstructive urologists is both necessary and relevant. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, including blood supply, is a crucial proviso for the correct evaluation and successful management of urethral stricture disease. We discuss the main techniques and indications in combined graft and flap urethroplasties.