Genomic selection (GS) is playing a major role in plant breeding for the selection of candidate individuals (animal or plants) early in time. However, for improving GS better statistical models are required. For this reason, in this chapter book we provide an improved version of the Bayesian multiple-trait and multiple-environment (BMTME) model of Montesinos-López et al. that takes into account the correlation between traits (genetic and residual) and between environments since allows general covariance's matrices. This improved version of the BMTME model was derived using the matrix normal distribution that allows a more easy derivation of all full conditional distributions required, allows a more efficient model in terms of time of implementation. We tested the proposed model using simulated and real data sets. According to our results we have elements to conclude that this model improved considerably in terms of time of implementation and it is better than a Bayesian multiple-trait, multiple-environment model that not take into account general covariance structure for covariance's of the traits and environments.
Statistical meta-analysis is mostly carried out with the help of the random effect normal model, including the case of discrete random variables. We argue that the normal approximation is not always able to adequately capture the underlying uncertainty of the original discrete data. Furthermore, when we examine the influence of the prior distributions considered, in the presence of rare events, the results from this approximation can be very poor. In order to assess the robustness of the quantities of interest in meta-analysis with respect to the choice of priors, this paper proposes an alternative Bayesian model for binomial random variables with several zero responses. Particular attention is paid to the coherence between the prior distributions of the study model parameters and the meta-parameter. Thus, our method introduces a simple way to examine the sensitivity of these quantities to the structure dependence selected for study. For illustrative purposes, an example with real data is analysed, using the proposed Bayesian meta-analysis model for binomial sparse data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Se presenta una reflexión acerca del papel que han realizado las plantas y hongos alucinógenos en la construcción de mitos y rituales, así como en la afirmación de una realidad más allá de lo tangible en la que ocupan un lugar particular las prácticas que buscan la recuperación de la salud. El común denominador en estas plantas y hongos suele ser la presencia de alcaloides con acción sobre el sistema nervioso central, por lo que se pretende entender cómo dichos efectos han tenido resonancia en la construcción de estos mitos y rituales. Dada la diversidad de plantas y culturas que las han utilizado, solamente nos centramos en aquellos ejemplos más representativos en México: toloache, peyote, ololiuqui y los hongos alucinógenos.
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