<p>La enseñanza de las ciencias, posee dos componentes fundamentales: teoría y experimentación. En Chile el trabajo experimental ha tenido escasa presencia, debido a la falta de infraestructura apropiada en los establecimientos educacionales y un curriculum escolar demasiado extenso.</p><p>Una herramienta que permite compensar la falta de experimentación a nivel escolar es el laboratorio virtual, sin embargo en Chile existen escasos reportes acerca del empleo de este tipo de herramientas. Es por esta razón, que el propósito de esta investigación ha sido establecer la influencia de Laboratorios Virtuales de Química (LVQ) en el rendimiento académico y motivación de alumnos de enseñanza media. Se trabajó con cuatro cursos de educación media de dos establecimientos de la ciudad de Los Ángeles-Biobío, correspondiente a un colegio municipal y a un colegio particular-subvencionado. De los cursos, dos por cada establecimiento, uno de ellos fue utilizado como grupo control y el otro como grupo experimental. Además, se diseñaron actividades experimentales de acuerdo con los planes y programas vigentes del Ministerio de Educación (MINEDUC) para tercer año medio y se aplicaron encuestas de motivación a los alumnos.</p><p>Los resultados evidencian que en ambos establecimientos se produjeron mejoras en los aprendizajes y la motivación de los alumnos, sin embargo sólo en uno de ellos se produjo una mejora en el rendimiento académico.</p>
The purpose of this article is to expose the process and results of a research on a study on teacher practices in order to understand the opportunities and ways to improve their performance in the class on civics and ethics. The author carried out teacher performance analysis and assessment on the basis of a methodology for the qualitative analysis of classroom situations and a model of standards for teacher performance in the classroom. The study allowed the author to build a series of recommendations for policy decisions, oriented to the improvement of teacher performance. The teaching practice elements defined as connection among subjects, differentiated attention, student-to-student assessment, and self(student)-assessment received the lowest scores among the group of evaluated teachers. Thus, Mexican teachers require training and support in these specific elements. The elements with the highest scores for the evaluated teachers were: student-student learning relations, didactic resources, directed activities, interpersonal relationships and teacher’s assessment of students The standards for teacher performance in the classroom and its evaluation model have proven to be relevant and useful tools for diagnosing the need for improvement in teaching practice, and therefore for reporting the training and technical assistance required by teachers and schools.
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