Le biomimétisme inspire l’innovation dans différents domaines. Il a un impact significatif dans le champ de l’architecture, où il peut conduire à des innovations pour concevoir un environnement bâti durable. En tant que champ interdisciplinaire, l’architecture est influencée par de nombreux aspects des sciences naturelles et sociales. Parmi ces influences, l’inspiration de la biologie est actuellement dominante. Le cadre de la conception bio-inspirée a évolué et s’est transformé en différentes approches innovantes en grande partie du fait du développement de l’informatique et de son usage en architecture. Cet article vise à identifier les principales caractéristiques de l’architecture biomimétique, au regard de l’architecture bio-inspirée et à travers un état des connaissances dans le domaine et une étude de cas significatifs. L’objectif est de montrer comment l’usage de méthodologies de conception biomimétique pourrait conduire à des innovations en architecture en vue de répondre aux enjeux environnementaux actuels. Toutefois les architectes ne disposent pas encore des moyens d’accès à ces méthodologies biomimétiques pour les utiliser efficacement, aussi nous présentons à la fin de cet article les caractéristiques d’une plateforme d’outils qui pourrait faciliter la conception biomimétique dans le champ de l’architecture.

This paper attempts to determine if an Artificial Intelligence system using deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) will be able to "imagine" architecture. Imagining architecture by means of algorithms can be affiliated to the research field of generative architecture. ConvNet makes it possible to avoid that difficulty by automatically extracting and classifying these rules as features from large example data. Moreover, image-base rendering algorithms can manipulate those abstract rules encoded in the ConvNet. From these rules and without constructing a prior 3D model, these algorithms can generate perspective of an architectural image. To conclude, establishing shape grammar with this automated system opens prospects for generative architecture with image-base rendering algorithms.

ARtect is an Augmented Reality application developed with Unity 3D, which envisions an educational interactive and immersive tool for architects, designers, researchers, and artists. This digital instrument renders the competency to visualize custom-made 3D models and 2D graphics in interior and exterior environments. The userfriendly interface offers an accurate insight before the materialization of any architectural project, enabling evaluation of the design proposal. This practice could be integrated into learning architectural design process, saving resources of printed drawings, and 3D carton models during several stages of spatial conception.

Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 14 juin 2020.Les Cahiers de la recherche architecturale, urbaine et paysagère sont mis à disposition selon les termes

This article provides an overview of recent advances in the development of nature-based material designs in architecture and construction fields. Firstly, it aims to classify existing projects and ongoing researches into three types: bioinspired, biobased and living building materials. Secondly, selected case studies absolving different functions in building, are analysed to identify new opportunities and contemporary challenges of different nature-based approaches. The main gaps are identified between the progression at a theoretical level in laboratories and real-world application. Particulary, the challenge is to implement existing and future bioinspired, biobased and living building materials in large scale designs and architectural contexts. The authors also discuss different aspects of the inspiration and the use of nature to improve better the design of materials properties, robustness, durability, including sustainable awareness. Finally, an outlook of promising avenues for future interdisciplinary research and specific questions associated with methods and techniques of implementation of the different types of bioinspired, biobased and living material designs and fabrications in architecture are highlighted.