Re´sume´-Mode´lisation mole´culaire de l'adsorption dans les solides microporeux -L'existence de logiciels industriels, la baisse du couˆt du calcul et la disponibilite´de champs de force e´prouve´s rendent la simulation mole´culaire de plus en plus attrayante pour les applications du domaine du ge´nie chimique. Nous pre´sentons ici plusieurs applications des techniques de simulation de Monte-Carlo, applique´es a`l'adsorption de fluides dans des solides microporeux (pores < 2 nm) comme les ze´olithes et des structures microporeuses a`base de carbone. L'adsorption a e´teḿ ode´lise´e par simulation dans l'ensemble Grand Canonique graˆce au logiciel MedeA Ò -GIBBS, en utilisant des grilles tridimensionnelles de valeurs pre´-calcule´es de l'e´nergie pour optimiser le temps calcul. MedeA Ò -GIBBS a aussi e´te´utilise´pour obtenir les potentiels chimiques ou les fugacite´s dans les phases fluides libres au moyen de l'ensemble Canonique (NVT) ou de l'ensemble isotherme-isobare (NPT). Les re´sultats de simulation ont e´te´compare´s avec des donne´es expe´rimentales d'isothermes d'adsorption de corps purs (gaz hydrocarbures, eau, aromatiques, e´thanethiol) dans plusieurs ze´olithes et a`plusieurs tempe´ratures. La coadsorption de me´langes (me´thane-e´thane, n-hexane-benze`ne) dans les ze´olithes a aussi e´te´e´tudie´e. Par exemple, l'inversion de se´lectivite´n-hexane/benze`ne entre la silicalite et les Na-faujasites est bien pre´dite avec des champs de force publie´s, et permettent de comprendre les me´canismes sousjacents. De meˆme, les isothermes d'adsorption des hydrocarbures le´gers et d'un mercaptan (e´thyl-thiol) sont bien de´crite. En ce qui concerne les adsorbants organiques (ke´roge`ne et charbons matures), des mode`les mole´culaires moyens ont e´te´construits en rendant compte des principaux traits connus de la structure chimique de ces mate´riaux. Par une simple relaxation ab ase de dynamique mole´culaire, nous avons pu obtenir des densite´s moyennes en bon accord avec les donne´es expe´rimentales disponibles, ce qui est tre`s encourageant. Nous avons aussi de´termine´les courbes isothermes d'exce`s d'adsorption en bon accord qualitatif avec celles re´cemment mesure´es sur des e´chantillons de charbon ou d'argiles en l'absence d'eau. Bien que pre´liminaires, ces re´sultats illustrent la puissance et la ge´ne´ralite´de la mode´lisation mole´culaire en vue de la compre´hension de syste`mes complexes dans des conditions ou`l'expe´rimentation est difficile.Abstract -Molecular Simulation of Adsorption in Microporous Materials -The development of industrial software, the decreasing cost of computing time, and the availability of well-tested Oil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 68 (2013), No. 6, pp. 977-994 Copyright Ó 2013, IFP Energies nouvelles DOI: 10.2516 forcefields make molecular simulation increasingly attractive for chemical engineers. We present here several applications of Monte-Carlo simulation techniques, applied to the adsorption of fluids in microporous solids such as...
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AbstractA large proportion of petroleum reservoirs is known to be naturally fractured with consequences on their flow behavior hence on reservoir performance. Though the modeling of such reservoirs has been the purpose of many research works, it remains a challenging task. Too simplistic reservoir models do not allow capturing essential features like large-scale fracturing trends, or non-linear multivariate relationships between the equivalent (generally anisotropic) permeability of the fracture system, and fracture densities and properties to be characterized on a directional fracture-set basis. Conversely, too complex reservoir models, intended to be more realistic, require computationally intensive and memory consuming algorithms. They also involve numerous parameters, a large part of which cannot be estimated from available data.In-between, there is a need for reasonably complex models and methods to generate them in a consistent way with various fracturing and dynamic data in order to produce conditional models. This paper presents such an approach, which has been developed as a workflow.The approach is based on an original conceptual model of fracture systems and a notion of scale-dependent effective properties. It is also a two-step modeling approach in which the fracture system is first characterized, then converted into equivalent flow properties for reservoir simulation purposes. Key aspects of the approach include the geostatistical modeling of fracture densities, scale-dependent calculation of equivalent within-layer horizontal permeability tensors based on spatially periodic discrete fracture networks, analytical calculations of vertical inter-layer permeabilities, and conditioning to well-test permeabilities by using steady-state flow-based evaluation of reservoir model responses. All these aspects rely on innovative and CPU-time efficient methods. They are introduced and illustrated by case-study results.
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