La signification lexicale est souvent conçue, au moins partiellement, en termes de description ou, dans notre terminologie, de propriétés intrinsèques (PI). Nous explorons ici l'hypothèse inverse que le mot (notamment le nom) renvoie directement aux types de relations, 1° que le locuteur entretient avec les référents variés que tel mot lui permet de construire, 2° que ces référents entretiennent avec leur environnement. C'est sans doute le sens même des noms qui doit être identifié avec ces rapports ou propriétés extrinsèques (PE). Du coup, les emplois polysémiques, métonymiques ou métaphoriques sortent complètement de leur marginalité pour tendre à se confondre avec la signification lexicale elle-même, les usages dénominatifs masquant plutôt cette signification.
A morphemic-indicational description of English but (and French mais) is proposed, showing that the uses of but whose closer equivalents (and French translation) are almost, except, only, and without, together
The aim of this paper is to propose what we call an indexical-indicial theory of lexical meaning. The diversity of uses of individual words calls for a conception where only relational properties are coded. Contextual interpretations (which can of course be conventionnal and specifically memorized) are values over such coded functions.
P. Cadiot et F. Némo : Pour une sémiogenèse du nom
Lexical signification is often conceived, at least partially, in terms of a description or, in our terminology, in terms of intrinsic properties (IP). In this article we explore an opposite hypothesis that words (most notably nouns) invoke directly those types of relations :
1 . which a given word allows the loculor to establish with various referents.
2 . which these referents have (or arc perceived as having) with their environment.
The meaning itself of nouns must be identified with these relations or extrinsic properties (EP). In this way, polysemic, metonymic and metaphoric usages shed their marginal status, becoming the basis of a lexical signification which purely denominative usages conversely tend to obscure.
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