Beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) was administered in the diet to male and female OFA rats derived from a Sprague-Dawley strain. Rats were fed a standard semisynthetic diet, UAR 210, containing 1.25% BCD, 2.5% BCD, 5% BCD, 10% BCD, and 10% lactose. Twenty animals/sex/group were dosed for 90 consecutive days. One animal died in the course of the study, but there was no indication that the death was compound-related. There were no dose-related adverse effects pertaining to hematology, blood, or urine chemistry. A small fraction of BCD was recovered in the urine of animals fed 5% or 10% BCD, amounting to 0.1-0.3% of the highest administered dose. The absolute and relative filled cecal weights of the rats that were fed BCD or lactose were increased in both the males and females, which is common in rats receiving slowly digestible fermentable carbohydrates due to incomplete digestion in the small intestine. No treatmentrelated effects indicative of a toxicologic response were found from the histopathologic examination. Based on these findings, BCD appears to lack toxicologic activity.
We compared the effect of a standard oral rehydration solution and a high-sodium polymeric-glucose solution on sodium absorption in short-bowel syndrome. Six patients with high jejunostomy were tested in a random order with the standard solution or a solution containing maltodextrins (18 g Glucidex 12/L) enriched with 2.5 g NaCl/L. Solutions were administered via a nasogastric tube at a rate of 2 mL/min. Jejunal effluent was collected during an 8-h period. The net 8-h fluid absorption was not significantly different in the two periods. Glucose absorption was greater than 90% of the administered amount for both solutions. Net sodium absorption was greater for the maltodextrin solution than for the standard solution (56 +/- 12 vs 24 +/- 20 mmol, P less than 0.05). We conclude that replacement of glucose with maltodextrins and addition of sodium in the standard oral rehydration solution results in improved sodium absorption in short-bowel syndrome.
The maltase (EC 3.2.1.20)/glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) complex from rat small intestine brush border, which is able to split α (1→4) glucose-sorbitol linkage, was isolated and purified by chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl M and Sepharose 6B. The complex was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic parameters were studied on two substrates: maltose and maltitol (Km: 1.3 mM and 30 mM, Vmax: 200 nmol·min-1 and 15 nmol·min-1, respectively). Inhibition studies were performed with maltose and maltitol as substrates and isomaltitol and δ-gluconolactone as inhibitors. Crossed-inhibition reactions were also performed. The results support the existence of one single catalytic site and this fact was confirmed by physicochemical properties. Similar results were obtained with germ-free rats as well as with conventional rats adapted over 6–12 months to Lycasin® 80/55 as the sole source of sugar. Lycasin® 80/55, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, was converted by purified maltase/glucoamylase complex in glucose and sorbitol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.