New Approach to the Metabolism of Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate: Hydrolysis by the Maltase/Glucoamylase Complex of the Rat Intestinal Mucosa

Rosiers, Christine Des; Verwaerde, Francoise; Dupas, H; Bouquelet, Stéphane

doi:10.1159/000176964

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…First the action of a-amylase produced di-and oligosaccharides; second, intestinal disaccharidases split glucose-glucose dimers to free D-glucose, whereas dimers containing a D-glucose unit linked to a sorbitol unit were hydrolysed only very slowly. In contrast to this, an enzyme complex that can split the a( 1 -4) glucose-sorbitol linkage was identified in the rat small intestine brush border by Rosiers et al [1985].…”

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confidence: 86%

Amylolytic Breakdown of Lycasin® Compared with Other Carbohydrate Derivatives

Grenby¹,

Bull²

1988

Caries Res

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Lycasin, its parent glucose syrup, maize starch and sorbitol were subjected to the action of a specific amyloglucosidase at 37 °C, and samples were analysed at set intervals for D-glucose and total reducing sugars. Glucose syrup was hydrolysed rapidly and completely to D-glucose, but Lycasin produced only 40–50% as much, and D-glucose production ceased after the first 2–4 h. Dimers of linked D-glucose and sorbitol units remaining after degradation of the Lycasin oligosaccharides were cleaved at a much lower rate by the amyloglucosidase.

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confidence: 86%

Amylolytic Breakdown of Lycasin® Compared with Other Carbohydrate Derivatives

Grenby¹,

Bull²

1988

Caries Res

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“…Similar results were re ported for the intestinal a-glucosidase and the two polyols of Palatinit (57). These results with maltitol have been confirmed and extended with highly purified preparations of the enzyme from rats (134). The relative maximal rates of hydrolysis for sucrose, maltose, maltitol, glucosyl-(1-1)mannitol, glucosyl-(1-6)glucitol, Palatinit, and Malbit were 280, 900, 1l2, 32, 67, 35, and 250-310 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively (57, 179).…”

Section: Disaccharide Polyolsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Sugar Alcohols as Bulk Sweeteners

Dills¹

1989

Annu. Rev. Nutr.

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The polyols are a family of bulk sweeteners, some of which are currently used in the United States and in other nations. The use of these compounds is likely to increase in the future. The greatest advantage of polyols as sweeteners is their reduced cariogenicity compared with sucrose, fructose, or glucose. This reduced cariogenicity has been observed with all of the polyols considered in this review. Furthermore, evidence suggests that one of these polyols, xylitol, may have cariostatic properties. More research is needed to clarify the mechanism of this cariostatic effect. Evidence suggests that moderate usage of the polyols in human diets over long periods is not likely to produce many toxic effects. This conclusion is supported by the facts that (a) both sorbitol and mannitol have been used as sweeteners for some time without apparent side effects, and (b) extensive long-term studies with dietary xylitol in Europe have not yielded any reports of toxicity. At this point there is no reason to believe that the disaccharide polyols differ significantly in a qualitative sense from sorbitol or mannitol with regard to their effects in humans. There are some research needs with regard to the inclusion of the polyol sweeteners in human diets: 1. All of the polyols can cause osmotic diarrhea in humans if higher levels are consumed. This fact is noted in the labelling of products containing mannitol and sorbitol in the United States (see "Current Regulatory Status"). If the disaccharide polyols are to be used as bulk sweeteners, further studies of the dose levels that can cause diarrhea may be needed. 2. The polyols, like other slowly absorbed carbohydrates, enhance the absorption of certain minerals, particularly divalent cations. More comparative and mechanistic studies of this effect are needed. 3. All of the polyols, lactose, and other slowly absorbed carbohydrates appear to cause adrenal medullary hyperplasia at high doses in laboratory rats. Evidence suggests that these lesions are linked in some way to the lactose or polyol-induced changes in calcium homeostasis. Despite long-term use of lactose, sorbitol, and mannitol in human diets, similar lesions in humans have not been reported and some investigators have concluded that the lesion in rats has no relevance to humans. Nevertheless further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of the dietary lactose and polyol-induced adrenal hyperplasias in rats to ascertain definitively if they also operate in other species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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“…The ma jority of these materials are polyols, or else contain polyols, and their gastro-intestinal effects at high lev els of intake, resulting from the lack of active ab sorptive mechanisms in mammals, are well known, leading to osmotic disturbance of water balance and increased water intake. Signs of this were more prom inent on a sorbitol regimen than with the same pro portion of Lycasin 80/55 in the diet, but it is still a factor to be taken into account in the formulation of foodstuffs containing Lycasin 80/55, which contains 8% of sorbitol and 53% of maltitol (table IV), even though the maltitol may be hydrolyzed enzymically and then digested [Zunft et al, 1983;Rosiers et al, 1985].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Effects of Lycasin® in the Diet of Laboratory Rats

Th¹

1988

Caries Res

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Lycasin® was included in diets fed to caries-active Osborne-Mendel rats for periods up to 8 weeks. The animals could tolerate up to 15–16% of Lycasin in dry-powder diets and up to 25% in pelleted diets before gastro-intestinal disturbance. Lycasin 80/55 at 25% in the diet was non-cariogenic, producing a very low level of caries, similar to that on a maize starch regimen and significantly below that on a sucrose regimen. At 16% in the diet D-sorbitol was even less cariogenic than Lycasin. Compared with the sucrose control, the reductions in caries scores were 89% on the sorbitol and 72% on the Lycasin 80/55 regimen.

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New Approach to the Metabolism of Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate: Hydrolysis by the Maltase/Glucoamylase Complex of the Rat Intestinal Mucosa

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Amylolytic Breakdown of Lycasin® Compared with Other Carbohydrate Derivatives

Amylolytic Breakdown of Lycasin® Compared with Other Carbohydrate Derivatives

Sugar Alcohols as Bulk Sweeteners

Dental Effects of Lycasin® in the Diet of Laboratory Rats

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