Pairwise and network meta-analyses on the relationship between the efficacy of the use of statins with or without ezetimibe and reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are presented. In the pairwise meta-analysis, statins with or without ezetimibe were shown to be efficacious in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with CKD and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , in the context of both primary prevention [odds ratio (OR)/95% confidence interval (95% CI)/I 2 /number of studies (n): 0.50/0.40–0.64/0%/6] and primary/secondary prevention (0.66/0.57–0.76/57%/18). However, in the Bayesian network meta-analysis, compared to the placebo, only atorvastatin 80 mg daily and atorvastatin and rosuvastatin at doses equivalent to simvastatin 20 mg daily reduced the odds of MACEs in this patient population. The network meta-analysis for LDLc and CRP treatment objectives also showed that, regardless of eGFR and excluding dialysis patients, the number of MACEs decreased in patients with CKD, with reductions in both LDLc and CRP of less than 50% (surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA)/heterogeneity (vague)/n: 0.77/0.14/3). The evaluation of the benefits of drugs may lead to individualized therapy for CKD patients: Cholesterol-lowering treatment for CKD patients with high levels of both LDLc and CRP is suggested.

Objetivo. identificar la posible asociación de diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial como factores de riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19. Material y métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectivo, incluye a 1947 pacientes con 30 o más años de edad, atenciones realizadas entre marzo y agosto del 2020; pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y laboratorial de COVID-19; se excluyeron pacientes con inconsistencias en la información registrada, fallecidos en primeras 24 horas o estuvieron muertos al ingreso. Se incluyeron variable periodo de atención, edad, sexo, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, estancia hospitalaria, frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardiaca, saturación de oxígeno y temperatura; para el análisis se utilizó la prueba chi cuadrado de Pearson, Odds Ratio y prueba T de student para muestras no emparejadas (p <0,05). Resultados: 73% de los fallecidos de sexo masculino (p<0.001), mayor frecuencia entre los 60 – 79 años de edad (54,8%, p<0,001); diabetes como comorbilidad en 17% de los casos (p=0,019) e hipertensión arterial en 24% (p<0,001). Las variables sexo (OR 1,5) y las comorbilidades diabetes (OR 1,4) e hipertensión arterial (OR 1,9) representan factores de riesgo de mortalidad. Conclusiones: la diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial, para la población en estudio, se identificaron como factor de riesgo de mortalidad frente al COVID-19.

This manuscript presents quantitative findings on the actual effectiveness of terminal complement component 5 (C5) inhibitors and complement component 1 (C1) esterase inhibitors through their formal and common “off-label” (compassionate) indications. The results emanated from pairwise and network meta-analyses to present evidence until September 2019. Clinical trials (CT) and real-life non-randomized studies of the effects of interventions (NRSI) are consistent on the benefits of C5 inhibitors and of the absence of effects of C1 esterase inhibitors (n = 7484): Mathematically, eculizumab (surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) >0.6) and ravulizumab (SUCRA ≥ 0.7) were similar in terms of their protective effect on hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and acute kidney injury (AKI) in aHUS, in comparison to pre-/off-treatment state and/or placebo (SUCRA < 0.01), and eculizumab was efficacious on thrombotic events in PNH (odds ratio (OR)/95% confidence interval (95% CI) in CT and real-life NRSI, 0.07/0.03 to 0.19, 0.24/0.17 to 0.33) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurrence/progression in PNH (0.31/0.10 to 0.97, 0.66/0.44 to 0.98). In addition, meta-analysis on clinical trials shows that eculizumab mitigates a refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (rgMG) crisis (0.29/0.13 to 0.61) and prevents new acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) episodes in kidney transplant recipients (0.25/0.13 to 0.49). The update of findings from this meta-analysis will be useful to promote a better use of complement inhibitors, and to achieve personalization of treatments with this class of drugs.