Nur eine einzige Chance gab es, im Rahmen einer Kooperation mit der Bundeswehr dem Interesse der Wissenschaft beim Ansprengen von Betonplatten nachzugehen. Neben vielen durchgeführten Fall‐ und Beschussversuchen im Otto‐Mohr‐Laboratorium in Dresden nutzten die Autoren die Gelegenheit eines Feldversuchs unter ähnlichen Bedingungen wie im Labor. Hierzu wurden der Probekörper sowie die gesamte Mess‐ und Versuchstechnik kurzerhand auf einen Übungsplatz der Bundeswehr transportiert. Die Bedienung des ansonsten autarken Messsystems erfolgte aus einem sicheren Bunker in 300 m Entfernung, was eine zusätzliche Herausforderung darstellte. Es wurden Lagerkräfte, Beschleunigungen und Verschiebungen gemessen. Außerdem wurden High‐Speed‐Aufnahmen aufgezeichnet. Die Beanspruchung erfolgte mit 0,75 kg PETN mit einem TNT‐Äquivalent (TNTe) von ca. 1 kg. Im Beitrag wird die experimentelle Vorgehensweise detailliert dargelegt. Im Bewusstsein, mit dieser Beanspruchungsart Neuland zu betreten, werden Fehler offen benannt und die Methodik kritisch hinterfragt. In einem nachfolgenden Artikel wird auf die numerische Betrachtung des hier rein experimentell beschriebenen Versuchs eingegangen.
The concrete and reinforced concrete industry has refrained from using desert sand. The reasons for this are the rounded form of the particle, its grading and its chemical composition. This article provides an overview of the background, the constructability and technological challenges that the construction industry faces regarding construction sand’s shortage. Also, construction aggregates consumption and its influence on fresh and hardened concrete properties are described. The paper concludes by presenting several feasible approaches and provides a feasible technological solution.
Abstract. The concrete and reinforced concrete industry has refrained from using desert sand. The reasons for this are the rounded form of the particle, its grading and its chemical composition. This article provides an overview of the background, the constructability and technological challenges that the construction industry faces regarding construction sand's shortage. Also, construction aggregates consumption and its influence on fresh and hardened concrete properties are described. The paper concludes by presenting several feasible approaches and provides a feasible technological solution.
This paper reviews the results of educational reform in Prussia up to 1880 with reference to the failure of Social Democracy to apply the basic ideas of Marx in terms of an educational programme.
The central points of the debate conducted in the theoretical journal Neue Zeit, in response to the French reform, were :
i) Should religious instruction be replaced by a newly devised form of moral instruction ? (Bearing in mind that Marx deprecated action by the State as « educator of the people »),
ii) The adoption of manual labour as an integral part of learning (Arbeitsunterricht) in the form advocated by the Swiss Robert Seidel, which was substituted for the Marxist conception of a synthesis of production and learning.
Finally there is a consideration of some of the factors conditioning the failure of social democratic educational policy, i) in terms of the social and economic, political and cultural background and ii) shortcomings in theoretical terms which implied looking to bourgeois democratic programmes such as that in France rather than the demands advanced by Marx (Gegenwartsforderungen).
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