Thermal treatment of desert sand to produce construction material.

Neumann, Frank; Curbach, Manfred

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201814901030

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…concrete with no reduction in strength at low sand-cement ratios (<1.41 compared to the more commonly used higher ratios of >2) [16] not typically used in mortar and concrete.…”

Section: R E T R a C T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: A Database for the Extraction, Trade, and Use of Sand and Gravel

et al. 2022

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Increasing demand for sand and gravel globally is leading to social, environmental, and political issues that are becoming more widely recognised. Lack of data and poor accessibility of the few available data contribute to exacerbating these issues and impair evidence-based management efforts. This article presents a database framework designed to describe stocks and flows data for sand and gravel from different sources. The classification system underlying the database builds on the Universal Materials Information System (UMIS) nomenclature, which is used to construct hierarchical order in the data. The common classification system is used to structure sand and gravel data records into a database formatted in the same manner as the Yale Stocks and Flow Database (YSTAFDB), a common data format. To illustrate how the database is built and used, a case study using UK data is presented. The UK is chosen owing to its relatively better access to data compared to other locations. Quantitative analyses of the UK data highlight possible risks in the supply chain of these materials for the UK. Results show that indigenous extraction only contributes 11% to UK sand and gravel production, with trade accounting for the rest of the inputs, of which 50% is reliant on only one nation.

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“…concrete with no reduction in strength at low sand-cement ratios (<1.41 compared to the more commonly used higher ratios of >2) [16] not typically used in mortar and concrete.…”

Section: R E T R a C T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: A Database for the Extraction, Trade, and Use of Sand and Gravel

et al. 2022

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“…Black market and illegal sand extraction exist for example in Italy, India, Vietnam, Malaysia and others [9,11,12]. In other desert countries (e.g., Egypt, Algeria, United Arab Emirates), although there is a lot of sand, it is not suitable for use in concrete, due to the high fineness and too smooth texture of the grains [2,9,12,13] or the pollution of sea sand chlorides [11]. However, both fields are studied [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate Containing Metallurgical Sludge Waste

et al. 2020

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Sand has been considered to be something of an immeasurable quantity. There are many indications that this view is no longer valid and that the limiting of natural aggregates usage is doubly justified. Firstly, the extraction of natural aggregates is expensive and has a huge impact on the environment. The main issues in sand and gravel mining are the large areas that are affected, ground water level changes, illegal mining, unsuitability of desert and marine sand, and costs of transport. Secondly, metallurgical waste can be used as a substitute for natural aggregates. This is doubly beneficial—the waste is recycled and the use of natural aggregates is reduced. Waste is stored in landfills that take up large areas and there is also the possibility of ground and groundwater pollution by hazardous compounds. The research presented in this article focuses on the technological conditions of using metallurgical waste in its original form and as a component of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The use of metallurgical sludge waste or crushed or round RCA to produce concrete deteriorates the consistency and does not significantly affect the air content and density of the concrete mix. RCA lowers the density of hardened concrete. Metallurgical sludge waste or RCA usage adversely affect the absorbability and permeability of concrete. Concrete containing metallurgical sludge waste is of higher compressive strength after 7 and 28 days, with up to 60% of waste as a sand replacement. RCA concrete achieved higher compressive strength also.

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“…Further research should be directed both to the use of alternative substitutes in concrete as well as to the processing of not‐suitable forms of sand for use in construction. For example, Neumann and Curbach (2018) research the possibility of thermal treatment of desert sand, an energy and cost demanding process that could however provide a solution if the price of sand increases. Moreover, investments are required for exploration of sand deposits and for identifying zones of extraction of marine aggregates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%