Nowadays, many people use e-books, having high expectations with respect to their reading experience. In the case of digital storytelling, enhanced e-books can connect story entities and emotions to real-world elements. In this paper, we present the novel concept of a Hybrid Book, a generic Interactive Digital Narrative (IDN) artifact that requires seamless collaboration between content and smart devices. To that end, we extract data from a story and broadcast these data in RDF as Linked Data. Smart device services can then receive and process these data in order to execute corresponding actions. By following open standards, a Hybrid Book can also be seen as an interoperable and sustainable IDN artifact. In addition, according to our user-based evaluation, a Hybrid Book makes it possible to provide human sensible feedback while flipping pages, enabling a more enjoyable reading experience. Finally, the participants also showed a positive willingness to pay, thus making it possible to generate more revenue for authors and publishers.

Nowadays, many teachers use e-TextBooks in smart classrooms, having specific expectations regarding e-TextBooks' functionalities. Need-Why you Advanced functionalities of an e-TextBook make it possible to act as an Interactive Learning Environment in smart classrooms that facilitates the teaching process. Task-Why me In this paper, we propose the novel concept of an EPUB 3-based Hybrid e-TextBook, a comprehensive ILE that meets the needs of twenty-first century teachers in smart classrooms. Object-Why document To that end, we map teachers' expectations of e-TextBook with functionalities of e-TextBooks as ILEs. Next we co-design an e-TextBook with teachers. Finally, we develop the EPUB 3-based Hybrid e-TextBook that connects learning content to smart devices in classrooms. We used semantic web techniques (e.g., Hybrid e-TextBook ontology, content annotations) Findings-me The evaluation results reveal that our proposed Hybrid e-TextBook is a comprehensive ILE that provide required teaching tools for teachers in smart classrooms. Conclusion-you Furthermore, the experts' observations together with the rate of students' motivation (81.1%) learning using our e-TextBook show an effective impact on the cognitive and motivational aspects of the desired learning outcomes.

A popular way to log learning processes is by using the Experience API (abbreviated as xAPI), also referred to as Tin Can. While Tin Can is great for developers who need to log learning experiences in their applications, it is more challenging for data processors to interconnect and analyze the resulting data. An interoperable data model is missing to raise Tin Can to its full potential. We argue that in essence, these learning process logs are provenance. Therefore, the W3C PROV model can provide the much-needed interoperability. In this paper, we introduce a method to expose PROV using Tin Can statements. To achieve this, we made the following contributions: (1) a formal ontology of the xAPI vocabulary, (2) a context document to interpret xAPI statements as JSON-LD, (3) a mapping to convert xAPI JSON-LD statements into PROV, and (4) a tool implementing this mapping. We preliminarily evaluate the approach by converting 20 xAPI statements taken from the public Tin Can Learning Record Store to valid PROV. Where the conversion succeeded, it did so without loss of valid information, therefore suggesting that the conversion process is reversible, as long as the original JSON is valid.