BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Steirastoma breve is one of the most important pests in cocoa plantations in the Neotropics. Preliminary studies suggest that the chemical communication system in S. breve may be modulated by kairomones produced by cocoa plants and pheromones released by males. We examined the role of Theobroma cacao brushwood in the communication system of S. breve under field conditions. Sixty kilograms of T. cacao and Bauhinia sp. branches were cut, grouped into separate piles, and placed in an experimental cocoa plantation as an odor source. The sex and number of S. breve adults landing on each pile were registered during 23 days from 9:00 to 15:00 h. Each individual arriving at a pile was marked with a coded color and then released onto the same pile. All behavioral activities undertaken by S. breve were evaluated and flight behavior towards the T. cacao piles was described. S. breve adults were attracted to T. cacao piles placed under both sunny and shaded conditions, but were not attracted to Bauhinia sp. S. breve males dispersed more in shaded piles than in those placed in the sun, and the proportion of encounters between sexes was higher in the piles at which they had first arrived. Analysis of the data confirmed the presence and importance of T. cacao kairomones in the chemical communication system of this important cocoa pest.
Con el fin de determinar el comportamiento de plantas híbridas de cacao al ataque de Steirastoma breve en la fase larval, se realizó la evaluación de la intensidad de daño (ID), en un ensayo instalado en el Campo Experimental Padrón del estado Miranda, Venezuela. Se utilizaron 60 progenies híbridas, obtenidas por cruces de 27 parentales seleccionados entre criollos, trinitarios y forasteros. Los híbridos se sembraron en un diseño en bloques al azar con seis plantas y tres a diez repeticiones, según el material disponible. En la primera evaluación se registró el daño producido por larvas del insecto según presencia o ausencia de plantas híbridas afectadas. En la segunda evaluación se utilizó una escala nominal de uno a cinco, para medir la ID en 57 progenies híbridas. Se observaron diferencias altamente significativas (P<0,001; Prueba Kruskal-Wallis) en la ID entre los híbridos en la segunda evaluación. La comparación múltiple de los rangos promedios separó los híbridos en cinco grupos, con extremos de ID de uno (11 híbridos) y entre tres y cuatro (cinco híbridos que fueron los más susceptibles): el resto formaron grupos intermedios. A excepción de los materiales (PV-1 x IMC-11) x OC-61 y SJU-4 x (PV-1 x IMC-11), la mayoría de los híbridos que no presentaron daños, tienen tendencia al genotipo de origen amazónico. Los resultados indican un comportamiento diferencial de los híbridos evaluados al ataque del insecto.
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