Cyclisation of [4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-phenoxy]-acetic acid-N'-(substituted phenyl)-thiosemicarbazides with sodium metal in 99.0 % ethanol gave 3-[4-(4-substituted phenyl-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4 triazol-3-ylmethoxy)- phenyl]-2-phenyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one . The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have confirmed by IR,1H NMR and Mass spectra. The compounds have also been screened for their biological activity.

A simple, specific, accurate and economical gradient reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and subsequently validated for the determination of glimipiride, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone hydrochloride. Separation was achieved with a nucleodur C-18 column having 250x4.6 mm i.d. with 5 µm particle size and water HPLC grade adjusted to pH 3.0 using diluted orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (80:20 v⁄v) with gradient program as eluent at a constant flow rate of 0.8 ml per min. UV detection was performed at 215 nm. The retention time of glimipiride, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone hydrochloride were about 17.9 min, 6.31 min and 8.24 min respectively. This method is simple, rapid and selective and can be used for routine analysis of antidiabetic drugs in pharmaceutical preparation. The proposed method was validated and successfully used for estimation of glimipiride, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone hydrochloride in the pharmaceutical dosage form.

3-Methoxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde undergoes Knoevenagel reaction with malonic acid to give 3-methoxy-5-nitrocinnamic acid (I). Treatment of I with thionyl chloride yielded 3-chloro-5-methoxy-7-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (II) in 45 % yield. The reaction of II with 2-nitrophenol in benzene gave 2-nitrophenyl 3-chloro-5-methoxy- 7-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (IIIa) in 65 % yield. Finally, dehydrochlorinative photocyclization of IIIa in acetone in the presence of the base triethylamine afforded 10-methoxy-4,8-dinitro-6H-benzothieno_2,3-c_chromen-6-one (IVa). Thus, a series of derivatives IVa-i were synthesized in excellent yields. The structures of the obtained products were characterized by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. Their purity was ascertained by chromatographic analysis. All the compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and S. typhosa.

Homophthalic anhydride 1 reacts with different aromatic amines to produce N‐substituted homophthalimides 2 under microwave irradiation. A rapid microwave‐assisted chemical synthesis of condensed 4‐substituted furo[2,3‐c]isoquinoline‐1,5(2H,4H)‐diones 3 and 5‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrano[2,3‐c]isoquinoline‐1,6(5H)‐diones 4 involving the condensation of a variety of alkanoyl chlorides with 2‐arylisoquinoline‐1,3‐diones 2 in the presence of base and aprotic solvent is described for the first time. By contrast, the facile ring opening reaction of furo[2,3‐c]isoquinoline‐1,5(2H,4H)‐dione 3 with Vilsmeier–Haack reagent under microwave irradiation yielded the α‐β unsaturated carboxyaldehyde 5. This novel and clean one‐pot methodology, which is characterized by very short reaction time and easy workup procedure, can be exploited to generate some novel condensed isoquinoline derivatives.

Background: Under physiological conditions, molecular oxygen generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as metabolic by-products. In the absence of an adequate defense mechanism, the accumulation of ROS leads to cell membrane and DNA damage, in addition to tissue degeneration. The up/down regulation of one or more oxidative stress-related genes is one mechanism which confers cytoprotection to tissues exposed to oxidative injury.Methods: We measured up/down regulation of 84 oxidative protective genes in primary human gingival epithelial pooled cells and human intestinal epithelial cells after pretreatment with 25, 50, and 100 μM/ml of salmon protein hydrolysate solution. A human RT2 Profiler PCR array was used to evaluate the relative change in the expression of these common oxidative protective genes. The salmon protein hydrolysate contains a mixture of bioactive peptides, resulting from enzyme hydrolysis of salmon head and backbones.Results: Treatment with salmon protein hydrolysate peptides demonstrated up-regulation for 16 human oxidative protective genes and down-regulation for 9 human oxidative stress-related genes. Three genes (ferritin heavy polypeptide-1 (FTH1), heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), and arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12)) showed regulation changes at physiologically applicable levels.Conclusions The improved oxidation protection observed after SPH treatment conferred by HMOX1 / ALOX12 regulation to HGEPp and HIEC-6 cells may find ultimate utility for these bioactive peptides in the modulation of gastrointestinal stress in irritable bowel syndrome and enterocolitis.