Initial studies found that individual correlational patterns from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies can accurately identify another scan from that same individual. This method is known as "connectotyping" or functional connectome "fingerprinting".We leveraged a unique dataset of 12-30 years old (N=140) individuals who had two distinct resting state scans on the same session (Visit 1, V1), and again 12-18 months later (Visit 2, V2; henceforth 1.5 years) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of identification accuracy across different time scales (same day, 1.5 years apart) and developmental periods (youths, adults).We also used multiple statistical methods to identify the connections that enhance fingerprinting accuracy. We found that sensitivity and specificity to identify one's own scan was high (overall average AUC: 0.94), and identifiability was significantly higher in the same session (average AUC: 0.97) in comparison to the 1.5-year comparison (average AUC:0.91). The level of fingerprinting accuracy in youths (average AUC:0.93) was not significantly different from adults (average AUC:0.96). Select connections from the Frontoparietal, Default, and Dorsal Attention networks enhanced the ability to identify an individual. Finally, we found that identification of these features generalized across datasets and use of these features improve fingerprinting accuracy in an independent longitudinal data set (N=208). These results provide a framework for understanding that features of fingerprinting accuracy are stable from adolescence through adulthood. Importantly, these features contribute to one's uniqueness, suggesting that cognitive and default networks play a primary role in establishing one's connectome.
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