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Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases and research on potential therapeutic agents for PD continues. Rotenone is a neurotoxin that can pass the blood-brain barrier and is used to generate PD models in experimental animals. Boron is a microelement necessary for neural activity in the brain. Antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, anti-carcinogenic effects of boric acid, the salt compound of boron has been reported before. Boronic acids have been approved for treatment by FDA and are included in drug discovery studies and pyridine boronic acids are a subclass of heterocyclic boronic acids used in drug design and discovery as substituted pyridines based on crystal engineering principles. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of 3-pyridinylboronic acid in rotenone-exposed zebrafish embryos, focusing on oxidant-antioxidant parameters and gene expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes gclm, gclc, hmox1a, nqo1, and PD related genes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dj1, and tnfα. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to Rotenone (10 μg/l); Low Dose 3-Pyridinylboronic acid (100 μM); High Dose 3-Pyridinylboronic acid (200 μM); Rotenone + Low Dose-3-Pyridinylboronic acid (10 μg/l + 100 μM); Rotenone + High Dose-3-Pyridinylboronic acid (10 μg/l + 200 μM) in well plates for 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Our study showed for the first time that 3-pyridinylboronic acid, as a novel sub-class of the heterocyclic boronic acid compound, improved locomotor activities, ameliorated oxidantantioxidant status by decreasing LPO and NO levels, and normalized the expressions of bdnf, dj1, tnf⍺ and Nrf2 target genes hmox1a and nqo1 in rotenone exposed zebrafish embryos. On the other hand, it caused the deterioration of the oxidantantioxidant balance in the control group through increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide levels, and decreased antioxidant enzymes. We believe that these results should be interpreted in the context of the dose-toxicity and benefit-harm relationship of the effects of 3-pyridinylboronic.

Cancer continues to be a major cause of mortality globally. Zebrafish present suitable models for studying the mechanisms of genotoxic carcinogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between oxidant–antioxidant status, apoptosis and immunity in zebrafish that were exposed to three different genotoxic carcinogens methylnitrosourea, dimethylbenzanthracene, benzoapyrene and methylnitrosourea + dimethylbenzanthracene starting from early embryogenesis for 30 days. Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione- S-transferase activities and mRNA levels of apoptosis genes p53, bax, casp3a, casp2 and immunity genes fas, tnfα and ifnγ1 were evaluated. The disruption of the oxidant–antioxidant balance accompanied by altered expressions of apoptotic and immunity related genes were observed in different levels according to the carcinogen applied. Noteworthy, ifnγ expressions decreased in all carcinogen-exposed groups. Our results will provide basic data for further carcinogenesis research in zebrafish models.

Bu çalışmada yeni [C15H16B3N3O5].[Pd(SCN)4].2(H2O) bileşiği sentezlendi ve bileşiğin kristal yapısı X-ışını kırınım yöntemiyle belirlendi. Kristalin X-ışınları analizi bileşiğin monoklinik P21/c uzay grubu ile, a=10.515 Å, b= 24.947 Å, c= 15.078 Å, =90  , β=134.215  , γ=90  , V=2834.8 Å 3 , Z=4 birim hücre parametrelerinde kristallendiğini gösterdi. Bileşikteki [Pd(SCN)4] -2 anyonu, Pd atomunun merkezi etrafında hafifçe bozulmuş bir kare geometriye sahiptir. Boroksin yapısında üç kovalent bağlı bor atomu hafifçe bozulmuş trigonal düzlemsel geometriye sahipken, dört kovalent bağlı bor atomları hafifçe bozulmuş tetrahedral geometriye sahiptir. Boroksin ile [Pd(SCN)4] -2 'nın kombinasyonundaki Pd-SCN•••HO (boroksin), Pd-SCN•••HO (su) ve O-H•••O hidrojen bağ etkileşimleri 1D, 2D ve 3D periyodik yapılar oluşturmaktadır.