The decrease in total cervical NE level during the ovulatory phase suggests that neutrophil activity in cervical mucus is depressed around ovulation. The decreased cervical NE levels and the depressed neutrophil activity in cervical mucus at ovulation may be suitable for sperm passage through the cervical canal.

The sex of the conceived child is a significant concern for parents. To verify whether there women have pregnancy bias toward boys or girls, we investigated whether the history of continuous same-sex pregnancy was associated with the subsequent child’s sex. We prospectively analyzed data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a birth cohort study. We included all cases of singleton live births (n = 98 412). Women with pregnancy due to infertility treatment were excluded (n = 6255); Similarly, women with a history of miscarriage, artificial abortion, stillbirth, and multiple pregnancies, and those with missing data on the sex of the previous child were excluded. Altogether, 62 718 women were included. For the first live birth, a male-biased sex ratio of 1.055 was observed. Further, no significant difference was found in the sex ratio of the conceived child between women with one boy and those with one girl previously. However, when there were more than two children previously, the subsequently conceived child’s male/female sex ratio was significantly higher among boy-only mothers than among girl-only mothers. The results indicated that several pregnant women are biased toward conceiving either boys or girls.

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No abstract

【Abstract】 Objective: To evaluate the histological influence of preoperative treatment with dienogest on the resection of endometrial polyp. Designs: Retrospective StudySetting: General hospital Methods: We explained the study to, and obtained informed consent from, 15 patients diagnosed with an endometrial polyp between April 2008 and February 2012. Dienogest was administered orally to these women at a dose of 2 mg/day from the second day of the menstrual cycle until the evening of the day before surgery. The histological effects of dienogest were examined based on a postoperative histopathological examination.Results: Histological examination showed that the boundary between a polyp and the normal endometrium was distinct and also that the endometrial polyp showed some discriminative changes.. These included hemorrhagic erosion of the epithelial surface, atropic changes in deep glands, decreases in stromal cells, edematous accumulation in the stroma, and infiltrations, mostly by lymphocytes, findings that are rarely seen in the normal endometrium. Obvious changes in both the surface epithelium and the stroma were observed after about 7 days' preoperative administration of dienogest, whereas changes were limited to the surface area after about 14 days' treatment.Conclutions: Dienogest seems to induce an acute inflammatory reaction in the endometrial polyp after about one week of treatment, and repair occurs in the stromal area after 2 weeks. Further investigation of the appropriate duration of preoperative administration with dienogest is needed.