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Pneumothorax is a common occurrence in intensive care unit (ICU)'s. Whereas causes of traumatic pneumothorax is generally blunt and penetrating traumas, iatrogenic pneumothorax may occur after procedures like central venous catheterization, positive-pressure mechanical ventilation and thoracentesis.Method: This study evaluated the data from 69 patients diagnosed with pneumothorax and followed up and treated in the ICU between the dates 01.01.2013 and 01.01.2015. The records were used to establish the patients' age, sex, Body Mass index and cause of pneumothorax, as well as the time of insertion of chest tube, total duration of chest tube and ICU length of stay. Pneumothorax patients were evaluated in two groups based on their etiologies as Traumatic Pneumothorax group (Group T) and Iatrogenic Pneumothorax group. Results:The pneumothorax incidence in our intensive care unit was found to be 2.53%, and all of the cases were acquired pneumothorax. Fifty-seven out of 69 cases were traumatic, most having developed bilaterally compared to the cases in the iatrogenic group, diagnosed with Computerized Tomography of Thorax and had a higher rate of thoracentesis. In Group T, chest tube was inserted earlier and mechanical ventilation duration and ICU length of stay were shorter. Conclusion:Pneumothorax is one of main emergency events in ICU patients. Even though it is rare, it should be diagnosed early. Our study confirms that pneumothorax in ICU is always acquired and mostly traumatic. Traumatic pneumothorax is associated with shorter mechanical ventilation duration and shorter ICU length of stay compared to iatrogenic pneumothorax.

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Objective The developing brain is vulnerable to the negative effects of anaesthetics. We aimed to investigate the effect of isoflurane and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on cognition. Methods A total of 64, ten days old rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group O2 (oxygen group), group Iso (isoflurane group), group Iso-S (isoflurane+saline) and group Iso-PUFAs (isoflurane+intraperitoneal [IP] PUFAs emulsion). Rats in groups Iso, Iso-S and Iso-PUFAs were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane in 50% oxygen for 6 hours. Rats in group O2 breathed only 50% oxygen. Before anaesthesia, rats in group Iso-S were administered 0.5 mL isotonic and rats in group Iso-PUFAs were administered 5 mL kg −1 PUFAs emulsion by IP injection. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed on postnatal 28–33 days. Histological evaluation and immune histochemical staining (Bcl-2 antibody) were performed on postnatal day 11 on rat brains. Results As demonstrated by the reduction in the escape latency on days 3, 4 and 5 compared with day 1, all rats learned the task during the acquisition period. In contrast to others, rats in group Iso spent significantly lower time to find the platform on day 2 than on day 1 (p=0.034). No significant difference was found among the groups in terms of time spent in finding the platform. There were no significant differences in probe trials, histological features and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity among the groups. Conclusion Isoflurane did not cause cognitive dysfunction and neuronal death, and a single dose of PUFAs emulsion had no effect on cognition either.