In this study, natural bentonite was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide to obtain organobentonite (HDTMA-bentonite). Bentonite and HDTMA-bentonite were then characterized using XRD, XRF, SEM, FT-IR, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, elemental analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area techniques. The HDTMA+ cation was found to be located on the surface and enters the interlayer spaces of smectite according to the XRD and SEM results. FT-IR spectra indicated the existence of HDTMA functional groups on the bentonite surface. The BET surface area significantly decreased after the modification due to the coverage of the pores of natural bentonite. After the characterization, the adsorption of a textile dye, Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), onto bentonite and HDTMA-bentonite was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of HDTMA-bentonite for RB19 was 502 mg g-1 at 20°C. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and it was exothermic and physical in nature.

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Technology for dyeing and printing is currently being improved throughout the world under the auspices of water economy, fibres, dyes and textile auxiliaries, without lowering product quality. With respect to the colouring results, printing gives technologists the most extensive range of possibilities, but with respect to technology and equipment design it is the most complex stage in the finishing process (Ref. 1).

On the basis of the fact that imported components are mainly used as thickeners at Uzbek textile enterprises, such as salts of alginic acid, emprint, semiprint, and so on, we studied the possibility of replacing them with homeproduced compounds. For this purpose, use was made of water-soluble natural and synthetic polymer composites, including hydrolysed acrylic emulsion (HAE), polyacrylamide (PAA), produced at the "Navoiazot" Production Association, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) produced in Namangan, and starch.

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