UMR AGAP Equipe Diversité, adaptation et amélioration de la vigne (DAAV)Background and Aims: Based on 19 nuclear simple sequence repeat markers and parental analysis, we aimed to identify and propose the pedigree of different accessions held at the Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza of the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria germplasmcollection. The results were compared with data recorded in large, international databases.Methods and Results: We identified 37 different cultivars, of which 18 were original and not previously identified. The parentage analysis showed that European cultivars, such as Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat à Petits Grains, Listán Prieto, Mollar Cano and Malbec, were involved in natural crossings resulting in different South American cultivars.Conclusions: Many of the cultivars identified here represent unique individuals based on their genotype. The number of cultivars that participated as progenitors in the origin of South American germplasm is higher than previously thought.Significance of the Study: Germplasm collections planted many years ago play a key role in the conservation and characterisation of genotypes that otherwise may have been lost. It is highly probable that there might be other genotypes not identified and mixed in old vineyards. The identification, rescue and conservation of these genotypes are a challenge to preserve the existing genetic variability

Background and Aims: These last years, minor cultivars have gained attention as they provide an opportunity to offer original products in a global market and to combat global warming. Recent evidence brought to light the existing diversity within the group of autochthonous cultivars from Argentina and other South American countries, commonly known as criollas. The objective was to prospect, rescue and identify grapevine phenotypes recovered in ancient vineyards as putative criollas, in the western provinces of Argentina. Methods and Results: We collected 60 samples in 11 locations. Their identity and pedigree were analysed through nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) markers. The 60 samples were grouped in 45 different genotypes, 19 of them corresponding to previously registered cultivars, while 26 were new genotypes, with no correspondence in international databases. The majority (18) of the 26 new genotypes were related with the criollas group while other genotypes presented a totally different genetic profile and its origin remains to be elucidated. Conclusions: The diversity within the South American cultivars is higher than previously thought. Ancient vineyards, located in isolated valleys, are reservoirs of minor cultivars, and growers have played a key role in maintaining and conserving them. Significance of the Study: This genetic diversity constitutes a valuable tool to explore alternatives for diversification and adaptation to climate change.

La vid (Vitis vinifera L.) fue introducida en Sudamérica durante el siglo XVI. En los valles de Ica y Cañete, los nombres "Quebranta Mollar", "Mollar" y "Prieta Mollar" son comúnmente utilizados en referencia a los diferentes colores de las bayas de estas variedades dentro de un mismo racimo. Esta heterogeneidad en cuanto al color de las bayas, sumada a los antecedentes históricos, sugieren que otras variedades, además de Quebranta y Mollar Cano, podrían estar implicadas en esta denominación genérica "Mollar". En este trabajo se identificaron diferentes fenotipos correspondientes a algunas variedades utilizadas en la elaboración de vino y Pisco. Para ello, 10 accesiones fueron recolectadas en 9 viñedos diferentes (valles de Ica y Cañete), y analizadas utilizando 20 marcadores moleculares y 25 descriptores morfológicos según la OIV. Nuestros resultados mostraron que las muestras recolectadas correspondieron a 5 genotipos, tres cultivares tradicionales y dos genotipos desconocidos no registrados previamente. Los tres cultivares conocidos fueron Listan Prieto, Quebranta y Mollar Cano. Las dos accesiones correspondientes a variedades no conocidas previamente fueron Mollar de Ica y Prieta Mollar, generadas a partir de retrocruzamientos entre Quebranta y sus progenitores. También se identificaron diferentes variaciones fenotípicas de Quebranta, lo cual enriquece la diversidad vitícola peruana.

The denomination of “Uva de Italia” or “Italia” is commonly used by growers to refer to a group of varieties used from the colonial times to making a brandy of Pisco with muscat aroma. Previous work have demonstrated that Uva de Italia corresponds in fact to the variety Muscat of Alexandria, a widely spread variety around the world and in South America. However, the distinction between “Italia Dorada” and “Italia Rosada” is usually made, in allusion to the color variations observed in the berries. Our aim was to characterize 5 samples collected in vineyards from the valleys of Ica and Cañete. The genotypes were identified using 13 molecular markers of nuclear simple sequence repeat, and 23 morphological descriptors according to OIV. Our results showed that four genotypes were identified as Muscat of Alexandria while the other corresponded to variety well-known in Argentina as Moscatel Rosado or Uva Pastilla in Chile respectively. Moscatel Rosado showed functionally female flowers, with variable berries size and color in the range from greenish yellow through pink. This is the first identification of Moscatel Rosado as a variety present in the Peruvian vineyards and would allow its use in the pisco industry with distinctive aromatic characteristics. Keywords: Italia, Muscat of Alexandria, Moscatel Rosado, variety identification, parentage analysis, microsatellites, Pisco.