A simple, specific, accurate, rapid, inexpensive isocratic Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Itopride HCl in pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms. RP-HPLC method was developed by using Welchrom C18Column (4.6 X 250mm, 5µm), Shimadzu LC-20AT Prominence Liquid Chromatograph. The mobile phase composed of 10mM Phosphate buffer (pH-3.0, adjusted with triethylamine): acetonitrile (50:50v/v). The flow rate was set to 1.0 mL.min-1 with the responses measured at 235nm using Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-Vis detector. The retention time of Itopride HCl was found to be 2.650 min. Linearity was established for Itopride HCl in the range of 2-10 µg.mL-1 with correlation coefficient 0.9999. The validation of the developed method was carried out for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantitation. The developed method can be used for routine quality control analysis of Itopride HCl in pharmaceutical tablet dosage form.

A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the estimation of erlotinib hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Erlotinib hydrochloride exhibits maximum fluorescence intensity in methanol and the Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 1-5 µg/mL at an excitation wavelength (λex) of 295 nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 339 nm. Stability studies with respect to time and temperature were also carried out. The results obtained were in good agreement with the labelled amounts of the marketed formulations. This method has been statistically evaluated and found to be accurate and precise.

Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) chiov., is a milk weed of Asclepiadaceae family. In the present study β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, α-amyrin and lupeol were identified in the leaf by GC–MS. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate their activities on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acid oxidase enzymes which constituted a rich source in snake venoms (Naja naja). Snake venom Phospholipase A2 with PDB code 1A3D devoid of co-crystallized ligand was extracted from Protein Data Bank. Using Molegro Virtual Docker two cavities are formed by cocrystallization. l-Amino acid oxidase (PDB code 4E0V) was a receptor model with a co-crystallized ligand FAD. Among the phytochemicals analysed, β-sitosterol displayed high affinity of binding to the active site regions of phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase, respectively. The affinity of binding was −125.939 and −157.521 kcal/mole identified by gold scores. α-Amyrin and β-amyrin had two hydrogen bond interactions with PLA2. Hence this study suggests that β-sitosterol identified in P. daemia can antagonize PLA2 and LAAO activities and forms a theoretical basis for the folk use of the plant against snake venom.

The study assessed the in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of an ethanol (70%) extract of Momordica tuberosa Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) (TMT) tubers in experimentally induced liver damage by paracetamol (2 g/kg, po.) in albino rats. The degree of protection was ascertained by estimating the levels of biochemical markers like SGPT, SGOT, bilirubin (total and direct), ALP, and triglycerides. Tissue GSH and lipid peroxidation were also determined. The ethanol (70%) extract of tubers in an oral administration of 20 and 40 mg/kg doses produced significant protection by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and tissue lipid peroxidation, while it increased tissue GSH at 40 mg/kg dose. The effects of the extract were comparable to the standard drug silymarin (100 mg/kg). Results suggested that an ethanol (70%) extract of the tubers of the plant at 40 mg/kg possesses potential hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage and significant antioxidant activity in rats.

Objective: Hepatoprotective activity of herbal drugs has an importance in the treatment of hepatic disorders, but pharmaceutically engineered products are not evolved properly to cure the liver disorders properly based on the demand and also route, target the appropriate site of action. Methods:In our present work, we have been developed a new formulation that possesses a unique nature and site specificity for targeting the disease state. Here, we examined hepatoprotective activity of Cassia auriculata polymer nanospheres containing silymarin against carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatotoxicity in rats using at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight dose levels, and we have been observed that enzyme activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphate, total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glutathione (GSH), and total bilirubin were analyzed.Results: C. auriculata polymer nanospheres and silymarin produced significant (p<0.001) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, total cholesterol, and increased levels of HDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, and tissue GSH. Conclusion:From these results, it was concluded that of C. auriculata polymer nanospheres would protect the liver cells from carbon tetrachloride from liver diseases.