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Co-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles containing 0.0085, 0.017, 0.0255, 0.034, and 0.085 mol % Co(III) ion dopant were synthesized via sol-gel and dip-coating techniques. The effects of metal ion doping on the transformation of anatase to the rutile phase have been investigated. Several analytical tools, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) were used to investigate the nanoparticle structure, size distribution, and composition. Results obtained revealed that the rutile to anatase concentration ratio increases with increase of the cobalt dopant concentration and annealing temperature. The typical composition of Co-doped TiO 2 was Ti 1−x Co x O 2 , where x values ranged from 0.0085 to 0.085. The activation energy for the phase transformation from anatase to rutile was measured to be 229, 222, 211, and 195 kJ/mole for 0.0085, 0.017, 0.0255, and 0.034 mol % Co in TiO 2 , respectively.

X-ray studies using a diffractometer and Read camera are reported for Metglas 2605 CO. A crystalline surface layer, which extends into the sample ≲3 μm occurs on only the substrate wheel side of the as-quenched ribbon. Most of the crystallites consist of an α-iron phase and are preferentially oriented in a fiber texture configuration; the fiber axis being a mixture of the [100] and [110] directions, and normal to the ribbon surface. A small amount of non α-iron crystallinity is also present. The crystalline surface layer does not appear to influence the high value of the magnetomechanical coupling factor obtained through magnetic annealing.

Extended X -ray absorption fine -structure (EXAFS) of the iron atoms in Cu98Fe2, Cu67Au30Fe3, and Cu69Au30Fe1 are used to provide direct structural information about the Fe enrivonments in these alloys.Fe in Cu98Fe2 is face -centered cubic y -Fe, whereas Fe in the Cu -Au -Fe alloys is body-centered cubic a -Fe.These results are in excellent agreement with the results deduced from the Mossbauer studies of the hyperfine field distributions in these systems.