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Lateral attenuation of aircraft noise comprises all of the losses in addition to spherical spreading and atmospheric absorption. The phenomenon is primarily due to ground interference effects and is often regarded as a function of source-receiver distance and elevation angle. In this paper, theoretical predictions are made in order to examine the consistency of existing empirical data on lateral noise attenuation. The results indicate that the effects of source spectrum shape and meteorological conditions must also be considered in any model for predicting lateral noise attenuation.

This chapter deals with aircraft performance, that is, the capability of aircraft to execute certain maneuvers and to meet mission requirements. Aircraft performance is based on the study of the forces acting on an aircraft and the effects that these forces have on its flight path. The resulting motions are grouped into four main classes: (i) accelerated curved symmetric flight; (ii) steady straight symmetric flight; (iii) accelerated straight symmetric flight; and (iv) non‐symmetric flight. The basic forces are weight, thrust, and aerodynamic force (lift and drag). Additionally, in curved flight a centrifugal force appears. Presented are a few of the most important key performance measures of fixed‐wing aircraft together with approximate equations that have been used in aeronautics to assess such performance in the early design stage of an aircraft. Range and endurance expressions are derived and attention is given to the weight breakdown and payload‐range relationship for transport aircraft.

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