This review outlines current issues of the pharmacovigilance (PV) system in the Russian Federation, namely the present state of regulatory aspects, regulatory requirements in both Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union, and review of causes of under-reporting of adverse drug reactions. Specific attention will be focused on how the system is designed to monitor drug safety functions, reporting and accountability of pharmaceutical products, their manufacturers and medical staff, the role played by regional centers for drug-safety monitoring, and insufficient understanding of the part taken by patients in the system of PV. The prospects of the Russian PV system and its harmonization with global practice will also be discussed.

Евразийский экономический союз (ЕАЭС)-международная организация региональной экономической интеграции, учрежденная Договором о Евразийском экономическом союзе, в которую на текущий момент входят пять стран-Россия, Казахстан, Белоруссия, Армения и Киргизия. В ЕАЭС обеспечивается свобода движения товаров, а также услуг, капитала и рабочей силы, проведение скоординированной, согласованной или единой политики в отраслях экономики. Прежде всего для иностранных игроков рынка представляет интерес анализ существующей практики фармаконадзора, что определяет цель данной работы. Цель-анализ изменений в системе фармаконадзора в России и ЕАЭС для адаптации стратегии игроков фармацевтической индустрии. Материалы и методы. Проанализирована нормативная база фармаконадзора в странах, входящих в ЕАЭС, единая база ЕАЭС по нежелательным реакциям (НР). Проведен критический анализ сложившейся практики периодических отчетов по безопасности лекарственного средства (ПООБ), планов управления рисками (ПУР).

This review provides an insight into the main historical milestones of development and narrates on current state of affairs of the system of pharmacological vigilance in Russia. Specific focus has been made on topical issues related to functioning of the system designed to monitor drugs safety nowadays: regular procedures in the field of pharmacovigilance in the Russian Federation, reporting and accountability of pharmaceutical products manufacturers and medical staff, the role played by regional centres for drugs safety monitoring, insufficient understanding of the part taken by patients/consumers in the system of pharmacovigilance, lack of adequate surveillance over safe use of drugs during pregnancy. Further to the foregoing, appropriate consideration has been given to the prospects of Russian pharmacovigilance and its harmonization with global practice.

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water , which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes(p less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportions in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

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