According to the modern era, zinc is one of the best replacements for human bio-implants due to its acceptable degradation, nominal degradable rate, and biocompatibility. However, alloying zinc with other nutrient metals is mandatory to improve the mechanical properties. In this research, Zn-4Ti-4Cu was alloyed with calcium and phosphorous through a powder metallurgical process to make guided bone regeneration (GBR). First, the sintering temperature of the alloy was found with the usage of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tensile and compression tests showed the suitability of the alloy in strength. The microstructural characteristics were provided with EDS and SEM. The different phases of the alloy were detected with X-ray diffraction (XRD). We can clearly depict the precipitates formed and the strengthening mechanism due to titanium addition. An electrochemical corrosion (ECM) test was carried out with simulated body fluid (Hank’s solution) as the electrolyte. Cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance properties were studied and discussed.

One of the excellent choices for compression ignition engines is emulsions. The current experimental analysis deals with transesterified Pongamia biodiesel. This work gives a substantial track to synthesize and to enhance fuel by including aluminium oxide nanoparticles. Emulsification is used to prepare fuel consisting of 88% of Pongamia biodiesel, 10% water, and 2% surfactants with series chemical emulsification techniques. This is then mixed with the ratio of 50 ppm and 100 ppm by mass with aluminium oxide nanoparticles by employing ultrasonication techniques. This work is carried out on compression ignition engines in different phases using biodiesel, nanoparticles, surfactants, and water. It was inferred from the results that there was a considerable enhancement in performance and decrease in emission when compared with diesel. It is found that the system exhibited 15% improvement in brake thermal efficiency and 45% reduction in oxides of nitrogen. The system exhibited considerable improvement in performance and reduction in emission.

The major setback faced by any of the production industry was maintaining the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of parts manufactured. Higher productivity is expected from industrial point of view, but resulting in poor surface texture. This work aims at addressing this problem by developing a suitable damping system for increased production with high precision products. In conventional method, dampers used is assembled of many parts, whereas the innovation in this paper is that the damper structure is monolithic in nature. Hence, manufacture time and cost of new innovative compliant damper is reduced. The work addressed the problem of damping by the use of compliant mechanism developed through building blocks of planar compliant mechanisms synthesis. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out in deciding the final form of the damping system. The proposed design was created by following fused deposition modelling (FDM 3D printing technique) using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material. Based on the results obtained from the experiments, the damping system has an impact on the surface quality of the product. The cutting force produced between the cutting edge and work surface could be improved by providing continuous contact (i.e., higher tool stability). The tool stability could be improved by using the compliant damping design and 3D printing technology for developing the complex designs into real products. The major limitation of the proposed work is the complexity in analysing compliant models with all the boundary conditions prevailing in the real time environment. The major influencing boundary conditions could be applied in neglecting insignificant factors. This work is a novel approach for developing a compliant mechanism-based damper that could restrict the effects of chatter in machining operation. The building blocks-based design was produced using 3D printing of the ABS material. Turning of aluminium was analysed for surface improvement by the tool stability improvement. Results revealed the impact of the ABS compliant damper. On an average, surface roughness of the products was reduced by 27.61%.

The major hindrance for any production industry in obtaining higher yield is the lack of achieving full material removal rate in the machine tools. If achieved, the surface quality of the machined works will be compromised. An attempt was made in this work to reduce the compromise of surface finish by integrating a plastic compliant damper that is capable of reducing the effects of unwanted vibrations generated during the machining process. The damper is designed to degenerate the effects of vibration and thereby improve product finish. It is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene by fused deposition modelling (an additive manufacturing technique). Measuring the vibration and cutting force is indirectly related to finish in product and tool wear rate. The stability of tool is improved greatly by the new compliant damper possessing displacement resistance. The effect of variation in cutting conditions on the performance of conventional rubber damper and plastic compliant damper was analyzed. The highest speed, feed rate, and depth of cut of 540 rpm, 0.02 mm/s, and 1.5 mm, respectively, found to be cutting condition at which imparted minimum surface roughness values of 2.80 μm and 0.52 μm with conventional rubber damper and plastic compliant damper, respectively. The speed and feed rate and depth of cut are found to be important parameters while studying surface roughness. The peak surface roughness is reduced by 48% by using the proposed compliant damper.