Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a spice crop and a valuable economic crop cultivated in a variety of environments around the world. Because of its export demand, it is extremely important in terms of foreign exchange. Drought stress, waterlogging stress, heat stress, cold stress, and salinity stress all have an impact on onion growth, production, and yield in different ways. A lack of water causes low productivity, therefore to increase onion yield, a constant supply of water is needed. Onions are particularly susceptible to salt stress. The number of bulbs per unit area, height, and fresh weight of onion bulbs, are all affected by salinity in irrigation water. It has an effect on bulbing and the quality of harvested bulbs. Waterlogging has a major effect on bulb development and yield at various growth stages. Waterlogging stress in onions may prevent moving from source to sink, lowering bulb yield. The possible flavor of onions can be affected by the surrounding climate. The bulbing response is influenced by temperature, and the degree to which it is influenced varies by variety. As the temperature increases, the number of leaves decreases. The bulb diameter, bulb weight, and bulbing index (bulb/neck diameter) all increase as the temperature rises. This review provides an in-depth description of the effect of abiotic stress on onion yield.

ICT in agriculture (e-Agriculture) is an emerging field focused on improving agricultural production and rural development. The study was aimed to identify the consequences, promotion and benefits of farmer community towards the e-agriculture. Therefore, primary data were collected from the randomly selected 158 farmers by means of a welldesigned questionnaire survey during the period of February to April, 2019. The demographic characteristics of the farming community showed that only 5.1% of respondents were illiterate in this area. According to the study, 36.1% of respondents used telephone as ICT tool for agriculture.0% of respondents used any ICT tools. Consequences index (CI) ranged from 114 to 586, where 114 indicated that the farmers strongly disagreed that there would be some consequences by not using ICT and 586 indicated that the farmers accepted that they would suffer in the future by not using ICT in their agricultural activities. Promotion measures index (PMI) ranged from 508 to 618, where 508 indicated the farmers' response on the provision of a computer, Internet access, and technician to each village was comparatively less whereas 618 indicated that the farmers accept the provision of incentives and finance may promote the use of ICT by a greater extent. Benefits of usage index (BUI) ranged from 86 to 140, where 86 indicated that the response of farmers on the option "cheaper" was less and 140 indicated that the farmers accepted the use of ICT in Agriculture helps them to acquire timely information related to their particular agricultural activities. Limiting factors index (LFI) ranged from 100 to 454, where 100 indicated that a high number of farmers strongly disagreed on "no perceived economic benefit" by using ICT and 454 indicated that a high number of farmers accept that the lack of training is the main limiting factor of using ICT in their agricultural activities.

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An experiment was carried out to study the performance of different concentrations of Amirthakaraisal, a foliar spray, on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) development and yield. The conducted experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the following treatments; T1 - Full recommended fertilizer, T2 - Compost 10 ton/ha, T3 - 5 ton/ha compost as basal and 5 ton/ha compost as topdressing, and 5 ton/ha compost as basal and 5 ton/ha compost as topdressing with 1% (T4), 3% (T5), 5% (T6) Amirthakaraisal as a foliar spray at 1st, 3rd and 5th week after planting. The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, and dry weights of leaf, stem, and root. However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the fresh weight and dry weight of pods among the tested treatments. The study suggests that foliar application of Amirthakaraisal at a 5% level compared to 1% and 3% application is effective in improving okra plant growth.