IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that both endocannabinoid system (ECS) and synthetic cannabinoids (SC) might be involved in schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo review recent literature on the role of cannabinoids in schizophrenia. The review includes the evidence of cannabis use as a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia, but also the preliminary evidence for the use of cannabinoid-based compounds in the treatment of psychosis.MethodsThe authors made an online search on PubMed for clinical trials and reviews published in the last 12 months, using the keywords: “cannabinoids”, “endocannabinoids”, “phytocannabinoids” and “schizophrenia”.ResultsThe use of Cannabis sativa is associated with increased risk of developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, and earlier age at onset of psychosis. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has multiple actions in the brain development, including impairment of neuroplasticity, dysregulation of dopamine and glutamate signaling, and, possibly, neurotoxicity. The ECS has been implicated in psychosis both related and unrelated to cannabis exposure. Cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1 R) and type 2 (CB2 R), as well as the endogenous ligand N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) levels, are most likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of this disorder. On the other hand, the antipsychotic effects of some cannabinoids have been investigated in recent studies. Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychosis.ConclusionsEmerging evidence suggests an important role of ECB system and SC on schizophrenia. On the other hand, recent studies have shown some phytocannabinoids might represent therapeutic promises in this disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The dermatoglyphics of 47 male and 50 female schizophrenics of the Psychiatric Hospital of Santiago were compared with normal control groups. Male schizophrenic mean ‘atd’ angles were shown to differ significantly from normal male controls. Significant differences in variances were found between normal and schizophrenic females for total ridge-count, pattern intensity, ‘atd’ angle and ‘asymmetry’ index.

1. Descripción precisa de los objetivos En la actualidad el Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo suele ser un diagnóstico estigmatizante y tardío, especialmente en ciertos entornos, lo cual puede agravar los síntomas, el funcionamiento global del paciente y en este caso dar lugar a un trastorno por consumo de tóxicos a los que se recurre por desconocimiento buscando un alivio sintomático y enturbiando el diagnóstico y pronóstico del paciente. Así pues, describimos un caso clínico complejo en el que coexiste trastorno por consumo de sustancias y múltiples alteraciones psicopatológicas fluctuantes desde la alteración sensoperceptiva hasta una alteración de conducta con rituales y compulsiones para las que el paciente recurría al THC para aliviar alguno de estos síntomas agravando otros. Planteamiento del diagnóstico diferencial, tratamiento y evolución. 2. Material y métodos Exploración física y psicopatológica, historia vital, test de tóxicos en orina, analítica general y revisión bibliográfica utilizando PubMed y Cochrane como bases de datos. 3. Resultados y conclusiones Se expone el diagnóstico primario y su comorbilidad desde el punto de vista biopsicosocial y la importancia de un correcto tratamiento y adherencia en un contexto en el que la situación social del paciente y la adecuada conciencia de enfermedad gracias a la relación terapéutica y multidisciplinar permite una evolución favorable.

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