Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the parasite. It could be a major public health problem in Pakistan due to poor hygienic conditions; malnutrition borne non-defensive immunity system. The purpose of study was to examine possible changes in electrolytes level of patients with malaria. Serum electrolytes were determined by using appropriate techniques. The result showed a significant elevation in the levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K), whereas, chloride decreases statistically in malarial patients compared to those of controls. The blood serum electrolyte level obtained for sodium was 135.55 ppm, potassium was 4.044 ppm, and for chloride was 10.33 ppm and those for the controls determined to be 130.88 ppm, 3.98 ppm and 104.5 ppm respectively.The concentration of serum electrolytes was in range of abnormal level which could lead our study towards the conclusion that the increased levels of sodium and potassium can be maintained by giving supplement.

Pigeons and doves have highly adaptive nature; they not only thrive stably in urban habitats, contribute to a balanced ecosystem for human settling areas as well. They are valued for food, pollination, and trade though their habitat preference and distribution is different in Sindh province of Pakistan. Their current conservation status was also needed to be confirmed, therefore we aimed to record their diversity, ecological conditions as well as their conservation through surveys in different types of habitats from sun rise to sun set. The species of pigeons: Columba livia (rock pigeon), Columba livia domestica (domestic pigeon), and Columba leuconota (snow pigeon) were found from the study area along with doves including Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared dove) and Streptopelia risoria (barbary dove). It was recorded that pigeon's most preferred habitat was urban areas followed by suburban areas, however dove population was denser in agricultural areas. Roosting and nesting sites were observed in wide variety of human habitations especially in brick or stone buildings. C. livia, was recorded as most abundant species of genus Columba, however C. leuconota, was observed very rare in study area roosting on cliffs. Population density of doves was recorded lower than that of the pigeons and they were often recorded in agricultural areas where their nests were sighted often on trees. Urban areas provide shelter to pigeons and doves where they maintain ecological conditions balanced by controlling pest insects. It was also determined that pigeons and doves are vulnerable due to hunting and illegal trade in the study area.

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Our study aimed to assess the selected physico-chemical parameters to examine water quality of Drigh Lake as huge diversity of fishes, amphibians and birds are dependent on this lake. The water samples were collected from six locations of Drigh lake to investigate the seasonal variations in physic-chemical parameters and to identify the potential contamination sources responsible for water pollution at the lake. The physic-chemical parameters analyzed were pH, EC, TDS, T. Hardness, T. Alkalinity, Cl, SO4, PO4, NO2 and NO3. The mean concentration of all the parameters observed were pH (7.8), electric conductivity (2286.62 mS/cm), total dissolved solids (1552.58 mg/L), total hardness (356.78 mg/L), total alkalinity (302.59 mg/L), chloride (313.92 mg/L), sulphate (389.50 mg/L), phosphate (398.59 mg/L), nitrite (3.46 mg/L) and nitrate (5.70 mg/L). The results of all the physico-chemical parameters observed were above the guideline values of WHO and EPA which indicates the quality of water at Drigh lake is not suitable for survival of aquatic life.