Electrolyte Concentration in Malarial Patients by Flame Photometer

Baloch, Sindhu; Gachal, G. S.; Memon, S. A.

doi:10.4172/2155-9597.1000123

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Result of the present study agrees with the report of Baloch et al. (2011) that found decreased chloride level but increased sodium and potassium levels in malaria-infected human individuals when compared with control. Similarly, Ikekpeazu et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Methanol extracts of Fagara zanthoxyloides leaves possess antimalarial effects and normalizes haematological and biochemical status of Plasmodium berghei -passaged mice

Enechi

Amah

Okagu

et al. 2019

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: The resistance of Plasmodium species to many available antimalarials calls for a continuous search for newer antimalarial agents. One possible source of new antimalarials is from natural sources such as Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam (Rutaceae), a medicinal plant used traditionally for treating malaria in South-Eastern Nigeria, Uganda and Asia.Objectives: To investigate the application of methanol extracts of F. zanthoxyloides in combating malaria infection and its associated disorders.Materials and methods: Methanol extracts of F. zanthoxyloides leaves (MEFZ) were evaluated for in vivo antimalarial activity. MEFZ at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg/d were administered orally for 4 consecutive days (days 0–4) to P. berghei-infected mice. The possible ameliorative effects of MEFZ on malaria-associated organ malfunctions were also assessed.Results: At 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.w., respectively, MEFZ produced 82.37% and 68.39%, 84.84%, and 90.75%, 95.95% and 92.67% chemosuppression and inhibition of P. berghei, respectively, comparable to 98.67% and 97.29% by combisunate, a standard antimalarial. The IC50 of MEFZ was estimated to be 235.23 mg/kg b.w. Similarly, treatment of parasitized mice with MEFZ significantly restored the malaria-modified haematological and biochemical status of the parasitized-MEFZ-treated mice compared with parasitized-untreated mice. MEFZ was tolerable up to 5000 mg/kg b.w dose; hence, the LD50 is above 5000 mg/kg b.w.Discussion and conclusions: The results of this curative assay demonstrated that MEFZ has antimalarial effects and normalized haematological and biochemical aberrations generated by malaria. The isolation of the antimalarial principles in MEFZ is warranted; they could be lead molecules for the development of new antimalarials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Methanol extracts of Fagara zanthoxyloides leaves possess antimalarial effects and normalizes haematological and biochemical status of Plasmodium berghei -passaged mice

Enechi

Amah

Okagu

et al. 2019

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…This study demonstrated a significant decline in plasma zinc levels in patients with vivax malaria compared to normal individuals, which agrees with one of the earlier studies (9). Zinc concentration was four-fold higher in plasmodium infected red cells than the uninfected ones indicating the need for acquisition of zinc atoms into RBCs by the parasite before hemolysis can occur (10).…”

Section: *Significant Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Biochemical role of zinc in vivax malaria

Poojary¹,

Sudha²,

Sowndarya³

et al. 2023

Biomedicine

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Introduction and Aim: Zinc is a micronutrient that has a significant immune modulatory function, its deficiency is known to increase the risk of plasmodium infection in humans Although inflammatory processes contribute to the elimination of plasmodium, persistent inflammation is the underlying cause of malaria pathology. Cholinesterases are carboxypeptidases that are zinc dependent and are the indicators of low-grade inflammation. Plasma butyryl cholinesterase, is a biomarker of dietary status of zinc. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are endopeptidases that contain zinc which take part in inflammatory reactions. They participate in remodeling of extracellular matrix and aid tissue repair. The current investigation aims to study the association of these metalloproteins with zinc in patients with vivax malaria. Materials and methods: Plasma zinc, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were estimated spectrophotometrically in 100 vivax malaria patients and 50 healthy subjects. MMP9 was determined using ELISA. Results: Plasma zinc was markedly lower in malaria patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). Both BChE and AChE decreased significantly in malaria (p<0.00) compared to healthy subjects. There was an elevation of MMP9 in malaria, although the increase was statistically insignificant. Cholinesterases correlated positively with zinc in controls and malaria. MMP9 showed a significant positive correlation with zinc in malaria patients (r=0.405, p=0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights the role of zinc in the pathology of malaria as it is essential for the maintenance of several enzyme activities. Further, prompt administration of micronutrients like zinc may reduce the inflammation related morbidity in malaria.

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“…In the assessment phase for eligibility, out of the 68 studies scrutinized, 60 were subsequently excluded for several reasons, mainly in vitro studies. Eight studies from the main databases were considered eligible 20 – 23 , 33 – 36 . Additional resources were utilized, including Google Scholar and a review of reference lists from studies in the main databases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, reviewing the reference lists from the main databases yielded two more studies that fit the inclusion criteria 40 , 41 . In total, 13 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion in the review 20 – 23 , 33 – 41 (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between magnesium levels and malaria severity

Kotepui,

Mahittikorn,

Wilairatana

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Magnesium is associated with Plasmodium infections and malaria severity. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the link between Plasmodium infections and magnesium levels for improved clinical guidance and therapeutic interventions in malaria-affected regions. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including ProQuest, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. A thematic synthesis was employed to demonstrate the magnesium levels across selected studies, for analyzing and grouping based on geographic regions, age demographics, and clinical manifestations of malaria. Meta-analyses determined differences in magnesium levels between individuals with malaria, uninfected controls, and patients with different clinical severities of malaria. The effect sizes from individual studies were pooled using the random-effects model. Out of 2533 records identified, 13 studies were included in the review. The thematic synthesis revealed complex and varied results, with studies showing different magnesium levels in malaria patients across different geographies, age groups, and clinical presentations. The meta-analysis indicated elevated magnesium levels in malaria patients compared with uninfected controls (P < 0.01, Hedges’ g: 1.94, 95% CI 0.86–3.03, I2: 98.38%, 9 studies). No statistically significant difference was observed in magnesium levels between patients with severe and nonsevere malaria (P: 0.34, Hedges’ g: 0.62, 95% CI − 0.64–1.88, I2: 91.46%, 2 studies). A significant increase in magnesium levels was seen in patients with malaria who died compared with those who survived (P < 0.01, Hedges’ g: 0.39, 95% CI 0.13–0.64, I2: 3.39%, 3 studies). This systematic review and meta-analysis presented relationship between magnesium levels and malaria. While the meta-analysis indicated a general trend of increased magnesium levels in patients with malaria, the substantial heterogeneity and instability of the results hint toward a rich yet uncharted territory requiring more research depth. The intricate interplay between magnesium levels and malaria beckons a multidimensional approach in future studies.

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Electrolyte Concentration in Malarial Patients by Flame Photometer

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Methanol extracts of Fagara zanthoxyloides leaves possess antimalarial effects and normalizes haematological and biochemical status of Plasmodium berghei -passaged mice

Methanol extracts of Fagara zanthoxyloides leaves possess antimalarial effects and normalizes haematological and biochemical status of Plasmodium berghei -passaged mice

Biochemical role of zinc in vivax malaria

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between magnesium levels and malaria severity

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