Radiation treatment has been advancing ever since the discovery of X-rays in 1895.The goal of radiotherapy is to shape the best isodose on the tumor volume while preserving normal tissues. There are three advantages: patient cure, organ preservation, and cost-effectiveness. Randomized trials in many various forms of cancer (including breast, prostate, and rectum) with a high degree of scientific proof confirmed radiotherapy's effectiveness and tolerance. Such accomplishments, which are critical to patients' quality of life, have been supported in the past. Radiopharmaceuticals were developed for the diagnosis and therapy of a variety of disorders, hyperthyroidism, bone discomfort, cancer of the thyroid gland, and other conditions like metastases, renal failure, and myocardial infarction and cerebral perfusion. It is also possible to sterilize thermo-labile materials with the radioactive substance. This includes surgical dressings and a wide range of other medical supplies. Nuclear medicine provides various advantages, including tumor localization, safe diagnosis, no radiation buildup, and excellent treatment effectiveness. Nowadays, the field of nuclear pharmacy is focused on developing novel radioactive pharmaceutical substances that will be useful.

This literature study will investigate cubosomal preparation in various pharmaceutical compositions. Cubosomal particles are nanostructured liquid crystalline particles with submicron diameters ranging from 10 to 500 nanometers with high encapsulation efficacy. This literature has investigated the anatomy and function of cubosomal units, as well as their formulation, material application, benefit, disadvantage, and preparation technique. Due to their nano-irritancy, cubosomal nanostructures have become a preferred method for treating a range of illnesses.

Viral diseases are one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. The emergence of pandemics because of the Covid virus creates a dire need for an efficient mechanism to combat the disease. Viruses differ from other pathogenic infections; they render the host immune system vulnerable. One of the major challenges for developing antivirals is the resistance developed by the overuse of drugs, which is inevitable as most viral diseases require a large number of doses. Viral infection detection, prevention, and treatment have significantly benefitted from developing several innovative technologies in recent years. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising technologies because of its capacity to deal with viral infections efficiently and eradicate the lagging of conventional antiviral drugs. This review briefly presents an overview of the application of nanotechnology for viral therapy.