Dual-degree programs are intended to prepare graduates to work in a global job market by providing more extensive international experiences, thus enhancing their employability. These programs typically take longer to complete and cost more, yet there is little documentation regarding their effectiveness. This study was designed to examine strengths and weakness of a sample of existing formalized programs at the graduate level in engineering through surveys and focus groups with four key stakeholder groups: students currently enrolled in dual-or joint-degree programs, faculty teaching in those programs, alumni who have recently graduated from those programs, and employers who have either hired alumni from these programs or are in a position to hire future graduates. Results indicate that all stakeholder groups were positive about these programs, and there is demand for them among students though gains were indicated in personal dimensions (e.g., self-reliance) rather than professional ones. In addition, employers were unclear about what dual-degree programs were and did not tend to view graduates as more marketable. Further study with more diverse groups is indicated.

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We reassert, against Janis's criticism, that the speed V of a freely falling test particle in the Schwarzschild field approaches the speed of light as it approaches the Schwarzschild radius (rs = 2m) if measured in a reference system S at rest with the source. Janis's resu!t, i.e., V < 1 for a freely falling test particle even for r 4 2 rn + (in particular, V 5 1/3 if V = 0 at r -I m), holds only with respect to a system S t a general point of which moves with Y + 1when it approaches the Schwarzschild radius.The radial motion of a test particle in a Schwarzschild field was treated by some who reached the s a m e conclusion that the particle velocity V approaches the light velocity when the distance r between the test particle and the source approaches the Schwarzschild radius 2m. This result is obtained in a reference system S a t rest with the source.In an earlier paper2 we considered not only the "renormalized" velocity (i.e., the velocity measured by local real clocks and meter sticks) but also the "semirenormalized" velocity (local met e r sticks but f a r clocks or, equivalently, ideal clocks unaffected by the gravitational field) and completely "unrenormalized" velocity (which should be measured by ideal clocks and meter sticks unaffected by the gravitational field). When the test particle approaches the Schwarzschild radius, all the above three velocities approach the corresponding light velocity (either reno rmalized, semirenormalized, o r unrenormalized, respectively).In a recent pape? Janis first criticized all the preceding results, and then by some coordinate transformations he obtained in a particular reference system S* a velocity which does not approach the light velocity when the test particle approaches the Schwarzschild radius, Obviously one can choose any system one wants and we acknowledge that S* i s more convenient for particular purposes. However, we do not agree with Janis's criticism against the results obtainable in S. In particular we assert that it i s just S* and not S that locally (for r -2m) approaches the light speed with respect to the source. Let us examine some details of the problem.First Janis says, writing the line element as "it i s clear that an observer at rest at the Schwarzschild radius, r = 2m, must move with the speed of light," and then "the reason a test particle's speed approaches the speed of light is that it i s measured by a family of observers whose speeds approach the speed of light."We a r e not discussing here the behavior of the particle for any value of r >O. On the contrary, we treat only a much more simple and restricted problem in order to avoid doubts of interpretation. Precisely we limit our reasonings to the region y > 2 m , (2 where the Killingvector field is timelike, and thus one has a stationary geometry. Let us consider a radius issuing from the source and, for Y > 2 m, a succession of coordinate clocks (considered a s pointlike particles) each at r e s t with the source. Obviously their trajectory in space-time has dr=dO =d@ = O and then the pro...

The known equivalence between the Ampère and Biot - Savart force laws, for closed circuits carrying an electric current, is here extended to the case of the force on a part of a circuit and due to the action of the other part of the same circuit. Our theorem invalidates some criticism made to the Biot - Savart law and the experimental results favouring Ampère's law. A recent experiment is in agreement with the here proved theorem. Riassunto. La nota equivalenza fra le leggi di Ampère e di Biot - Savart per circuiti chiusi percorsi da corrente elettrica, viene qui estesa al caso della forza su una parte di un circuito e dovuta all'azione delle altre parti dello stesso circuito. Questo teorema invalida la critica fatta alla legge di Biot - Savart ed anche i risultati sperimentali che sembrerebbero favorire la legge di Ampère. Un recente esperimento è in accordo col teorema qui dimostrato.

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